1 6 ISOETACEAE. 



Isoetes echinospora braunii (Duricu) Engelm. Leaves 10-20, slender, 

 sprcatliiig, not riv;icl, 6-15 cm. loni;, with stomata present near the tips; spor- 

 angia broadly elliptic, spotted, more than half covered by the broad velum; 

 niacrospores spinulosc but the spines often united into jagged crests; micros- 

 pores smooth. 



In quiet lakes and ponds, \vith muddy bottoms. 



Isoetes echinospora flettii A. A. Eaton. Differs from I. echinospora 

 braunii mainly by its spinulosc microspores. 

 Spanaway Lake, Pierce County, Washington. 



PHYLUM II. SPERMATOPHYTA. Seed Plants. 



Highly organized plants, mostly producing flowers and 

 always producing seeds, each of which contains a young 

 plant {embryo) usually composed of a stem-like structure 

 {caiilicle or hypocotyl), one or more rudimentary leaves 

 {cotyledons) and a terminal bud {plumide or epicotyl) ; 

 megasporangia {ovules) usually borne on the side or face 

 of an open or closed modified leaf {carpel) ; microsporangia 

 {anther-sacs) on the end or side of a modified leaf {filament) 

 and bearing numerous microspores {pollen grains). 



Class IV. GYMNOSPERMAE. 



Ovules {megasporangia) naked, not enclosed in an ovary, 

 usually on the face of an open scale but sometimes on the 

 axis, in which case the scale is rudimentary or wanting; 

 stigmas none; cotyledons mostly several in a whorl, oc- 

 casionally only two; perianth none. 



Family 8. TAXACEAE. Yew Family. 



Trees or shrubs with evergreen linear leaves; flowers dioecious, 

 the staminate of a few scaly bracts and a few naked stamens, the 

 ovule-bearing of an erect ovule which in fruit becomes a bony 

 seed surrounded by a fleshy disk. 



23. TAXUS. Yew. 



Evergreen trees or shrubs with spirally arranged, short- 

 petioled linear flat leaves, spreading so as to appear 2-ranked; 

 aments very small, axillary and solitary, sessile or nearly so; 

 staminate aments consisting of a few scaly bracts and 5-8 

 stamens; ovules solitary, axillary, erect, subtended by a fleshy 



