88 



JUNCACEAE. 



Seeds not tailed. 

 Seeds tailed. 

 Flowers bracteolatc, loosely scattered or somewhat 

 congested but not in heads. 

 Annuals; stems branched, leafy. 

 Perennials; stems simple. 



Perianth segments 2.5-3 mm. long, obtuse. 

 Perianth segments 3.5-5.5 mm. long, sharp- 

 pointed. 

 Auricle at summit of sheath, short and 



cartilaginous. 

 Auricle at summit of sheath, elongated and 

 scarious. 

 Panicle loose; flowers pale green. 

 Panicle close; flowers fuscous. 

 Leaves provided with distinct cross-partitions. 

 Blades of the leaves equitant. 



Heads pale, numerous; stamens 6. 

 Heads brown or black; stamens 3, rarely 6. 

 Blades of the leaves cylindric or only slightly com- 

 pressed. 

 Stamens 3. 



Plant aquatic, some of the leaves floating. 

 Plant not aquatic. 



Heads small, pale, several-many. 

 Heads large, dark, few. 

 Stamens 6. 



Capsules subulate; heads large; outer perianth 



segments longer. 

 Capsules not subulate. 

 Heads solitary-, dark. 

 Heads several-many. 



Capsule much longer than the peri- 

 anth. 

 Capsule shorter than the perianth. 

 Perianth segments brown, acute. 

 Perianth segments pale, obtuse. 



J. falcatus. 

 J. regelii. 



J. bufonius. 

 J. gerardi. 



J. dudleyi. 



J. tenuis. 



J. occidentalis. 



J. oxymeris. 

 J. e7isifolius. 



J. supiniformis. 



J. acuminaliis. 

 J. bolanderi. 



J. torreyi. 



J. ttiertensianus. 



J. oregamis. 



J. nevadensis. 

 J. alpijius. 



Juncus effusus L. Densely tufted, about 1 m. high, forming tussocks in 

 swamps; panicle compound, many-flowered; perianth-segments lanceolate, 

 acuminate, as long as the obovate obtuse capsules. 



A polymorphic species, of which three sub-species occur in our limits. 



Juncus effusus pacificus Fernald & Wiegand. Panicle loose; perianth- 

 segments pale, 2.5-3.5 mm. long. 



Everywhere common in wet ground. 



Juncus effusus hesperius Piper. Panicle compact; perianth segments 

 dark brown, 2.4-2.9 mm. long; upper sheath loose, membranous, dull, greenish- 

 drab above. 



Often occurring with J. effusus pacificus but blooming about a week 

 earlier; common near the seacoast. 



Juncus effusus gracilis Hook. Very similar to /. effusus hesperius but 

 upper sheath close, coriaceous, shiny, usually chestnut-colored. 

 In swamps, not common. 



Juncus balticus Willd. Stems erect, terete, naked, 30-60 cm. tall, from 

 stout horizontal rootstocks; leaves consisting only of sheaths; panicle appar- 



