266 UMBELLIFERAE. 



Lilaeopsis occidentalis Coult. & Rose. Leaves linear-attenuate, 3-18 cm. 

 long; peduncles much shorter than the leaves; fruit 2 mm. long, the lateral ribs 

 corky-thickened. 



Muddy shores of lakes, Alaska to Oregon, often abundant enough to make a 

 dense sward. 



356. BERULA. 



Smooth aquatic perennials, with simply pinnate leaves; in- 

 volucre and involucels of conspicuous narrow bracts; flowers 

 white ;calyx-teeth minute; fruit compressed laterally, nearly round, 

 glabrous; carpels nearly globose with slender inconspicuous ribs; 

 stylopodium conical; oil tubes numerous and contiguous, closely 

 surrounding the seed cavity. 



Berula erecta (Huds.) Coville. Stems erect, 20-90 cm. high; leaflets 5-9 

 pairs, linear to oblong or ovate, serrate or incised or somewhat laciniately 

 lobed, 2-8 cm. long; peduncles 2-5 cm. long; fruit barely 2 mm. long. 



In wet places, very rare in our limits; near Tacoma, Flett. 



357. LIGUSTICUM. Lovage. 



Smooth perennials from large aromatic roots; leaves usually 

 large, ternately or ternately-pinnately compound; flowers white 

 or pinkish, in large many rayed umbels; involucre usually none; 

 involucels narrow; calyx teeth small or obsolete; fruit oblong or 

 ovoid, compressed laterally if at all, glabrous; carpels with promi- 

 nent and equal ribs; stylopodium conical; oil tubes 2-6 in the 

 intervals, 6-10 on the commissural side. 



Stems naked, the leaves mostly basal; flowers purplish. L. purpureutn. 

 Stems leafy; flowers white. 



Leaflets coarsely toothed or lobed. L. apiodorum. 



Leaflets deeply cleft into linear lobes. L. apufolium. 



Ligusticum purpurem Coult. & Rose. Nearly glabrous; stems 40-60 cm. 

 high; leaves nearly all basal, once or twice ternate, then pinnate; leaflets ovate, 

 obtuse, incisely toothed or lobed, 1-2.5 cm. long; flowers purple-tinged; rays 

 of the umbel few, 2-3 cm. long; fruit 4 mm. long. 



In alpine meadows, at about the limit of trees, in the Cascade Mountains. 



Ligusticum apiodorum (Gray) Coult. & Rose. Glabrous, except the 

 puberulcnt inflorescence and the scabrous leaf margins; stems 60-90 cm. high; 

 leaves ternately decompound; leaflets distinct or somewhat confluent, cuneate- 

 oblong, incised, paler beneath; umbels 6-15-rayed, the rays 3-5 cm. long; 

 involucels linear-setaceous; flowers white or pinkish; fruit 3-4 mm. long. 



Portland, Oregon, Henderson, and south to San Francisco, California. 



Ligusticum apiifolium (Nutt.) Gray. Nearly glabrous up to the puberulent 

 inflorescence; stems 60-120 cm. high; leaves twice to thrice ternate, then pin- 

 nate, ultimate segments ovate, deeply cleft into linear mostly entire acute 

 lobes; umbel many-rayed, the rays 5-10 cm. long; flowers white; fruit 4 mm. 

 long. 



In open woods and prairies, not common. First collected by Nuttall near 

 the mouth of the Willamette River. 



