BORAGINACEAE. 303 



nutlets oval, biconvex, with a narrow margin, very smooth and shiny, black, 

 1-1.5 mm. long; scar minute. 

 In wet ground, rare. 



418. LITHOSPERMUM. Gromwell. 



Mostly herbs with reddish roots; leaves sessile; flowers leafy- 

 bracted, axillary or subaxillary; calyx 5-parted; corolla salver- 

 form, funnelform or sometimes approaching campanulate; fila- 

 ments mostly very short; anthers short, included; style slender; 

 stigma mostly truncate, capitate or 2-lobed; nutlets ovoid, bony, 

 either polished and white or dull and rough, 



Lithospennum ruderale Doug!. Perennial, tufted, the stems simple, 

 15-30 cm. high, pubescent with long and short hairs; leaves numerous, lanceo- 

 late, rarely linear, attenuate-acute, sessile, 5-10 cm. long, minutely soft-hispid; 

 flowers in a dense leafy cluster; corolla greenish-yellow, campanulate-funnel- 

 form, pubescent inside, nearly naked in the throat, 10-12 mm. long; style 

 slender; nutlets light-colored, ovoid, acute, hard and smooth, 3-4 mm. long. 



Dry prairies; rare in our limits but common east of the Cascade Mountains. 



419. AMSINCKIA. 



Rough-hispid annuals; leaves oblong or linear; corolla salver- 

 form or tubular-funnelform with a slender tube and open throat, 

 the limb sometimes plaited at the sinuses, yellow; style filiform; 

 stigma capitate or 2-parted; nutlets crustaceous or coriaceous, 

 unappendaged, ovate-triangular, attached below the middle to 

 an oblong-pyramidal gynobase. 



Stems decumbent; calyx sparsely bristly, the lobes ovate. A. lycopsoides. 



Stems erect; calyx densely bristly, the lobes linear. A. intermedia. 



Amsinckla lycopsoides Lehm. Stems decumbent, 30-60 cm. long; leaves 

 green, ovate or lanceolate, somewhat toothed, the sparse bristles with swollen 

 bases; spike long and sparse, leafy-bractcd; cal>'x-lobes oblong or ovate, obtuse, 

 two or three of them often united; nutlets dark-colored, rough. 



Common along the seashore, but also behaving as a weed in cultivated land. 



Amsinckia intermedia Fisch. & Meyer. Tar Weed. Erect, usually simple, 

 30-60 cm. high, the bristly hairs mostly white; leaves lanceolate or linear, 

 5-12 cm. long, the upper somewhat broader at base; raceme becoming much 

 elongated in fruit; calyx-lobes linear, acute, very bristly in fruit, 6-8 mm. long; 

 corolla yellow, 5-6 mm. long; nutlets dark-colored, the back convex and some- 

 what keeled, obliquely ridged and roughened with tubercles. 



Common in dry ground. 



420. CRYPTANTHA. 



Small annuals or perennials, mostly canescent and hispid; 

 leaves narrow; flowers in terminal spikes or racemes; calyx erect 

 or closed about the fruit and falling with it; corolla white, small, 

 salverform; nutlets 4, or less by abortion, smooth or roughened, 

 each attached by one-third or more or its length by the central 

 face or angle to a slender usually subulate gynobase. 



