CAPRIFOLIACEAE. 337 



Sambucus glauca Nutt. Shrub 2-5 m. high, or sometimes a tree 8-10 m. 

 high, glabrous throughout, somewhat glaucous; young pith white; leaves 

 pinnate; leaflets 5-9, thickish, oblong or ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, sharply- 

 serrate, short-stalked, paler beneath, 8-12 cm. long; lower leaflets sometimes 

 more or less divided; subulate stipels occasionally present; cymes usually 

 5-rayed, large, flat-topped; flowers white, 4-5 mm. broad; fruit black, very 

 glaucous; nutlets rugose. 



In dry ground, Vancouver Island, British Columbia, to California and 

 Idaho. 



Sambucus callicarpa Greene. Shrub 2-5 m. high; bark smooth, brown; 

 young pith brownish-yellow; leaflets 5-7, oblong-lanceolate, serrate, acute or 

 acuminate, 5-12 cm. long, sparingly pubescent beneath; panicle pyramidal; 

 flowers cream-colored; berries bright scarlet, sometimes chestnut-colored, 

 rarely yellow. 



In wet ground, very common. The form with chestnut-colored fruit is 

 very abundant on the bluffs of Puget Sound between Seattle and Everett, 

 Washington. 



469. VIBURNUM. 



Shrubs or small trees; leaves simple, commonly toothed, 

 sometimes deeply lobed; flowers white, in flat compound cymes; 

 calyx 5-toothed; corolla spreading, deeply 5-lobed; stamens 5, ex- 

 serted; stigmas 1-3; fruit a 1-celled 1-seeded drupe with soft pulp 

 and a thin crustaceous stone. 



Cyme radiate, that is the outer flowers neutral and enlarged. V. opulus. 

 Cyme not radiate. 



Leaves roundish, mostly 3-lobed. V. pauciflorum. 



Leaves oval to elliptic, dentate. V. ellipticum. 



Viburnum opulus americanum (Mill.) Ait. Erect shrub, 1-4 m. high, 

 glabrous or nearly so; leaves orbicular in outline, rounded or cuneate at base, 

 3-5-ribbed, strongly 3-Iobed, the triangular lobes acuminate, usually dentate; 

 petioles bearing 2 or more round usually reddish excrescences at summit; 

 stipules very slender; cymes flat, the outer flowers neutral and much enlarged; 

 fruit red, acid. 



Rare in our limits, Sumas Prairie, Lyall; Cape Horn, Piper. The culti- 

 vated snowball is a form of the true V. opulus L. of Europe. 



Viburnum pauciflorum Pylaie. High-hush Cranberry. Shrub, 1-2 m. 

 high, tht branchlets glabrous; leaves orbicular or ovate, mostly 3-lobed, trun- 

 cate or subcordate at base, pubescent beneath; cymes peduncled, on short 

 2-leaved branches, small, 1-2 cm. broad; flowers white, all perfect; drupes 

 globose, red. 



Along streams in the mountains, infrequent. 



Viburnum ellipticum Hook. Shrub, 1-3 m. high, erect; leaves broadly 

 oval or oblong, coarsely dentate above the middle, obtuse, firm in texture, 

 somewhat pubescent, especially beneath, 3-5-nerved from the base; petioles 

 slender; stipules subulate; cymes rather dense; flowers cream-colored; corolla 

 8 mm. broad; fruit black. 



Along both sides of the lower Columbia River, where first found by Douglas, 

 and southward to California. 



