7 oe 
A FLORA 
OF 
NORTHWEST AMERICA. 
Serres I. CORMOPHYTA Enp.uicuer. 
Plants consisting of root and stem growing in opposite dir- 
ections, composed of regular cellular tissue traversed (except 
in the very lowest forms) by woody fibre. Stems increasing in 
size either at the apex and circumference simultaneously, or at 
the apex only, producing buds, and usually, distinct leaves at 
definite points and in regular order. Propagation effected by 
means of flowers and seeds, or spores. 
_ PHANEROGAME. Plants producing flowers and perfect seeds. 
CRYPTOGAME. Plants producing spores but not flowers. 
SuBsERIES 1. PHANEROGAM 2. 
Plants bearing flowers with one or more stamens and produc- 
ing seeds that contain an embryo. 
ANGIOSPERME. Ovule enclosed in an ovary, and fertilized through 
a stigma. i 
F GYMNOSPERME. Ovule not enclosed in an ovary and fertilized by 
direct application of pollen. ; : 
Crass 1. ANGIOSPERM &. 
. Pistil consisting of a closed ovary which contains the ovule 
and forms the fruit, and a more or less manifest style and 
stigma. 
EXOGENE: Stems with pith in the centre and the woody fibre in annual 
layers or rings: embryo usually with two opposite cotyledons. 
ENDOGEN#. Stems without pith, and. the woody fibre scattered irregu- 
larly : embryo with a single cotyledon. 
SupcLass 1. EXOGEN. 
Stem consisting of pith in the centre, bark on the outside, 
and these separated by one or more layers of fibrous or woody 
tissue which, when the stem lives for more than one year, in- 
creases by the addition of new layers outside next to the bark. 
Embryo usually with two opposite cotyledons. 
POLYPETALE. Petals distinct, rarely united at base or wanting. 
GAMOPETAL. Petals more or less united: very rarely wanting. 
APETALE. Petals always wanting. 
