2 SYNOPTICAL KEY. 
Drviston 1. POLYPETALA. 
Floral envelopes consisting usually of both calyx and corolla; 
the petals distinct or rarely united with each other, sometimes 
wanting. 
SYNOPTICAL KEY To tHe POLYPETALOUS ORDERS. 
§ 1. stamens hypogynous, free from the calyx and the super- 
lor ovary. 
* Carpels solitary, or distinct. 
+ Sepals and petals deciduous, rarely persistent in No.1. Leaves 
alternate or all radical, rarely opposite or whorled. 
1 Ranunculaceex. Sepals 4 or more: petals as many and alternate with 
them or wanting: stamens usually numerous: carpels one to many: 
fruit achenes or follicles, or in Actxwa a berry. 
2 Berberidacew. Parts of the flower in threes, in opposite ranks, distinct, 
(sepals and petals wanting in Ach/ys): anthers opening by valves: car- 
pel solitary, (a berry in Berberis). 
Sepals 3, petals 6, stamens many, carpels several, soon distinct, becoming 
linear torulose several-seeded pods: Plutystemon in Papaveracex. 
* * Ovary compound with parietal placente, or seeds covering the 
cell-walls. 
+ Capsule many-celled, indehiscent: sepals and petals persistent. 
3 Nympheacee. Parts of the flower indefinite, mostly numerous: seeds 
numerous, covering the walls of the cells. Aquatic herbs with entire 
plain leaves and solitary flowers. 
4 Sarraceniacex. Sepals and petals 5. Acaulescent marsh perennials 
with odd-shaped leaves and solitary flowers. 
+ + Valves of the capsule separating from the persistent placente. 
Sepals and petals persistent. 
++ Seeds albuminous. 
5 Papaveracex. Sepals 2 or 3, caducous: petals twice as many, alike: 
stamens numerous: capsule 2-several-valved, one- (rarely several) cell- 
ed. Herbs, or shrubs with mostly alternate leaves without stipules, 
and often colored juice. 
6 Fumariacee. Flowers very irregular: sepals 2, small: petals 4, in 2 dis- 
similar pairs: stamens 6, diadelphous: capsule 1-celled, 2-valved, sev- 
eral to many-seeded. Herbs with alternate leaves without stipules. 
++ ++ Seeds without albumen; flowers regular. 
7 Crucifere. Sepals and petals 4: stamens 6, tetradynamous (rarely 4 or 
2); capsule 2-celled, 2-valved, 2-many-seeded ; rarely 1-celled and inde- 
_hiscent. Herbs with alternate leaves: without stipules. 
8 Capparidacee. ..Sepals.and.petals 4: stamens 6.or more, nearly equal: 
capsule 2-valved, 1-2-celled, 1-several-seeded. Mostly herbs with alter-. 
nate often stipulate leaves. | 
+ + + Capsule 1-celled, several-carpelled, the valves not separating 
from the placente. 
’ 
++ Flowers irregular. 
6 Violacew. fepals and petals 5: anthers 5, coherent: style 1, clayate: 
capsule 3-valved, many-seeded. Low herbs with alternate or radical 
stipulate leaves. 
