20 RANUNCULACEZ. CALTHA. 
TROLLIUS. 
leaves and white or yellow flowers Sepals 5-15. petaloid. Pet- 
als none. Stamens numerous Pistils 5-15, several oyuled, be- 
coming several-seeded. flattened follicles that are dehiscent their 
whole length on the inner edge. 
 €. leptosepala DC. Syst. i, 310. Stems erect, 2-8 inches high, 1-2-flow- 
ered; the lower flower subtended by a petaloid lanceolate bract: leaves 
roundish- to oblong-cordate, longer than wide, irregularly crenate-toothed : 
sepals white tinged with purple outside, lanceolate, acute, 5-8 lines long: 
follicles obscurely stipitate. Wet meadows, Mount Adams Washington to 
the Rocky Mountains and Alaska. 
C. biflora DC. Syst.i, 310. Stems scape-like, 5-12 inches high, 1-2-flo- 
wered: leaves round-reniform, with broad overlapping base, broader than 
long, 1-4 inches broad, obscurely crenate: sepals white, oblong to spatulate, 
obtuse, 6-10 lines long: follicles distinctly stipitate when mature. In 
cold bogs and riyulets of high mountains. California to Alaska. 3 
C. palustris L. Sp. i, 784. Stems erect or ascending. rather thick and 
succulent, 6-10 inches long or more, corymbosely or dichotomously branch- 
ed above: lower leaves 2-4 inches broad, cordate or reniform, on petioles 
3-9 inches or more long, crenately or acutely dentate, or quite entire; cau- 
line leaves on shorter petioles: flowers few, pedunculate, yellow ; sepals 5- 
6, broadty oval, 6-9 lines long: follicles oblong, somewhat curved, mucron- 
ate with the, at length, nearly straight style. In marshes, Oregon to 
Alaska and the Atlantic States and Canada. 
8 TROLLIUS L. Gen. n. 700. 
Glabrous perennial herbs with palmately lobed or dissected © 
leaves, and few or solitary yellow or lilac flowers. Sepals 5-15, 
regular, petaloid, deciduous. Petals 5-8, small, 1-lipped, tubu- 
lar at base. Stamens and ovaries uumerous. Follicles sessile, 
somewhat cylindrical, many-seeded. Seeds oblong with a smooth 
crustaceous testa. 
T. laxus Salisb. Trans. Linn. Soc. viii, 303 Stems erect, 1-2 feet high: 
leavespalmately divided; the segments many-cleft: sepals 5-6, spreading, 
ochroleucous with a tinge of green beneath: petals 15-25, deep orange-yel- 
low. Headwaters of the Skokomish river, Olympic Mountains Washing- 
ton, and the eastern States. 
9 COPTIS Salisb. Trans. Linn. Soc. viii, 305. 
Low, smooth and shining evergreen herbs with 1-3-flowered 
scapes and ternate or quinate leaves. Flowering in very early 
spring. Sepals 5-7, petaloid. Petals as many, thread-like, en- 
larging and cucullate near the upper end or near the middle. 
Stamens 10-25. Follicles 3-12, stipitate, several seeded. Seeds 
with shining crustaceous testa. 
§ 1. Curyza Gray Gen. Ill. i, 38. Sepals oval. Petals shorter 
than the stamens, clavate, with enlarged and thickened, hollow, 
nectariferous summit. Leaflets 3, rarely 5, subsessile and undi- 
vided. Scapes -1-flowered. 
C. trifolia Salisb. 1. c. Leaves trifoliolate ; leaflets cuneiform-oboyate, 
mucronately toothed, obscurely 3-lobed, about an inch long: scapes slen- 
der, 3-5 inches high, 1-flowered: sepals 5-7, oblong, obtuse, white: pet- 
als shorter than he sepals, cucullate-obconic, white with yellow base, 
soon deciduous: follicles ovate-oblong, longer than the style, equaled by 
