68 VIOLACEZ. CLEOME. 
VIOLA. 
C. platycarpa Torr. Bot. Wilkes 235,t. 2. Pubescent and glandular: 
1-2 feet high: leaves 3-foliolate; leaflets broadly oblong to lanceolate, 6-8 
lines long: flowers very showy, bright yellow: sepals Jinear-setaceous, vil- 
lous: petals broadly lanceolate, without claws: pods elliptical, 8-10 lines 
long, stipe about as long as the pod, equalling the pedicels; style slender, 
about 2 lines long. Hillsides, John Day valley, Oregon to nerthern Cali- 
fornia and western™Nevada. 
OrpER IX. VIOLACEZ S. F. Gray Nat. Arr. ii, 667. 
Sepals 5, persistent, imbricated in the bud. Petals 5, alter- 
nate with the petals hypogynous, on short claws, commonly 
" unequal. Stamens 5, alternate with the petals, inserted on the 
torus: anthers adnate, introrse 2-celled, opening longitudinally: 
filaments broad, elongated beyond the anthers, ovary 1-celled, 
3-valved, with 3 parietal placente, several ovuled. Style 
usually declinod with an oblique cucullate stigma. Seeds ana- 
tropous with a straight embryo in the axis of fleshy albumen. 
Ours are low herbs with watery somewhat acid juice, alternate 
leaves with persistent stipules and axillary flowers. 
1 VIOLA Tourn. Inst. 419, t. 236 L. Gen. n. 1007. 
Perennial or annual herbs with alternate stipulate leaves and 
mostly one-flowered axillary 2-bracteolate peduncles. Karly flow- 
ers usually showy and often infertile, the later ones often cleistog- 
amous and more fertile. Sepals more or less auricled at base. 
Petals unequal, the lower one produced at base into a nectarifer- 
erous sac or spur, the others of about equal length. Filaments 
very short or none: anthers connivent but distinct, at most 
lightly coherent, the two anterior each with a dorsal appendage 
or spur projecting into the spur or sac of the lower petal. Style 
often flexuous below, enlarged upward. Capsule usually ovoid, 
crustaceous or coriaceous : valves several-seeded. Seeds obovoid 
or globular, smooth. 
Ours are all perennial with part or allof the stipules more or 
less scarious, never emulating the blade of the leaf. The two 
upper petals turned backward, and the lateral ones turned for- 
ward, toward the lower one, or merely spreading. 
* Strictly acaulescent, the leaves and scapes directly from root- 
stocks: gibbous-clavate with inflexed or truncate and beardless summit 
and an introrsely beaked or short-pointed small proper stigma. 
+  Rootstock thick and comparatively short, never filiform or pro- 
ducing runners or stolons: spur of the corolla only saccate : ¢leistoga- 
mous flowers abundant and short peduncled. 
VY. cognata Greene Pitt. iii, 145. V. cucullata of authors as to our 
plants. Acaulescent; rootstocks short and thick: leaves long-petioled, 
smooth or more or less: pubescent, slightly fleshy, cordate with a broad 
sinus, the earliest often reniform and the later acute or acuminate, cre- 
nately toothed: scapes 2-10 inches high. about equalling the leaves: pet- 
als 5-8 lines long, blue or violet, all villous at base. the three lower very 
strongly so: spur only saccate: style smooth; stigma small, beaked or 
