VIOLA, VIOLACESA., 69 
short-pointed. In moist places, eastern Oregon and Washington to Brit 
Columbia and the Rocky Mountains. 
+ + Rootstock thickish and creeping, commonly sending off leafy 
and floriferous stolons or runners above ground: leaves round-cor- 
date and merely crenulate: lateral petals usually bearded: spur short 
and saccate. 
Y. Langsdorftii Fisch. in DC. Prod. i, 296. Glabrous or nearly so: 
stems weak and declined or ascending 1-12 inches long from a creeping 
scaly rootstock: leaves reniform to cordate, crenately serrate, the lower 
ones on petioles that about equal the stems; stipules lanceolate, acumi- 
nate, 6-10 lines long: flowers usually pale blue, 9-12 lines long 
with short saccate spur, lateral petals white with a small bearded spot 
near the base: stigma small, rounded. In marshes along the coast from 
Crescent City, California to Alaska. 
+ + + Rootstock long and filiform extensively creeping under- 
ground: plants low or small: spur saccate. 
++ Corolla blue or purple. 
VY. palustris L. Sp. ii, 934(?). Wholly glabrous: rootstock long and 
' filiform, extensively creeping underground; leaves round-cordate with a 
broad sinus and rounded summit, 1-2 inches in diameter, obscurely cre- 
nate, scapes 2-4 inches high, much longer than the leaves: flowers pale 
lilac to white, lateral petals sparsely if at all bearded 3-4 lines long, spur 
short and rounded. In marshes of the high mountains, California to 
Alaska and east to the New England States and Labrador, Europe and 
northern Asia. 
++ ++ Corolla always white, mostly with patple lines on.the lower 
petal; stigma as if truncate and margined, and antrorsely short- 
pointed. ~ : 
= Leaves round-cordate or reniform, on slender marginless 
petioles. 
VY. blanda Willd. Hort. Berol. t. 24. Glabrous or nearly so: stems 
very short or none, from slender creeping rootstocks with numerous 
fibrous rootlets: leaves thin, crenulate, from ovate-cordate to round-ren- 
iform, 6-18 lines broad, on slender petioles as long: scapes 1-3 inches 
high: sepals a line long, from oblong to almost ovate-lanceolate scarious- 
margined: petals white, oblong 3-4 lines long, usually all beardless, the 
lower ones conspicuously dark-veiny; spur short, saccate, rounded. In 
Lt places in the mountains from Caiifornia to Alaska and the Atlantic 
states. 
Y. Macloskeyi F. E. Lloyd Eryth. iii, 74. Whole plant glabrous: 
rootstock slender, creeping, bearing three or four leaves and at length a 
few runners: leaves reniform with a shallow sinus; the lamina slightly 
decumbent down the slender petiole, the margin obscurely crenate-serrate : 
stipules ovate acute: peduncles 1-3 inches long: petals white, very thin 
and translucent, the spur very short and saccate; lateral petals bearded. 
Springy places in the Cascade Mountains about Mt. Hood. 
= = Leaves from linear to spatulate or ovate or subcordate, the 
base decurrent into a margined petiole: sometimes leafy along sum- 
mer stolons. 
VY. occidentalis. V. primulzfolia var. occidentalis Gray Bot. Gaz. xi 
258. Glabrous throughout: rootstock short, not creeping but propagating 
by long filiform runners: leaves ovate to spatulate-oblong, attenuate at 
base toa long slender petiole, obscurely crenate: scapes 3-6 inches high 
not exceeding the leaves: petals white the lower ones veined with purple, 
lateral ones bearded, 4-6 lines long, spug saccate, stigma truncate, mar- 
gined and antrorsely short-pointed. In marshes, eastern base of the Coast 
