VIOLA. VIOLACEE. Thx 
6-8 lines long not penne. d: stigma short-apiculate, minutely bearded: cap- 
sule oval, sparingly pubescent or glabrous. On open plains about Oregon 
City and near Vancouver Washington. 
+ + Leaves finely dissected, subterranean shoots commonly send- 
ing up their scapiform peduncles from under the ground, 
++ Petals beardless, essentially yellow. 
y. Douglasii Steud. Nom. ii, 771. V. chrysantha Hook. not Schrader. 
More or less pubescent with short spreading hairs: leaves bipinnatifid 
with narrow oblong or linear segments; peduncles equalling or exceeding 
the leaves, 2-5 inches long: petals 5-9 lines long bright yellow, the upper 
brown-purple on the outside, the others veined: capsule acute 5 lines long. 
In dry soil, southern Oregon to California. 
++ ++ Lateral petals bearded: upper deep violet-purple or blue; 
lower pale or yellow. 
VY. Beckwithii T. & G. Pac. R. Rep. ii, 119, t. 1. Pubescent or 
puberulent, leaves palmately about thrice 3-parted into linear or spatulate- 
linear acutish or obtuse lobes, the primary divisions petiolulate: ped- 
uncles about equalling the leaves : upper petals deep violet purple, the 
others light, blue or bluish with yellow base, lateral ones short, bearded. 
California and- Nevada to southern Oregon. 
VY. Hallii Gray Proc. Am. Acad. viii, 377. Glabrous: leaves subpin- 
nately or pedately about twice parted into lanceolate or linear lobes, their 
tips obtuse or acutish and callous apiculate: peduncles surpassing the 
leaves: upper petals deep violet, the others yellow or cream-color 6-8 lines 
long. Gravelly prairies from Salem Oregon, to northern California. 
VY. trinervata Howell in Gray Syn. Fl.i, 201. Glabrous: leaves pe- 
dately parted, the few divisions lanceolate to almost ovate acute or apicu: 
late at maturity almost coriaceous strongly 3-nerved, the lateral nerves. 
intermarginal, pedtncles longer than the leaves: upper petals dark blue, 
the others pale blue to white, with a yellow base. Klickitat county, 
Washington. — 
* * * * Caulescent, the few to several-leaved stems erect from 
short or creeping rootstocks: no stolons nor radical flowers: spur short 
and saccate: lateral petals commonly scantily papillose-bearded: 
stigma beakless, bearded or pubescent at the sides. 
+ Petals yellow; stems usually naked at base and few-leaved 
above. 
V. lobata Benth. PL Hartw. 298. Finely ‘pubescent or saakieied stems 3- 
12 inches high from an erect rootstock: leaves reniform to broadly cune- 
ate in outline 1-4 inches broad shortly petioled more or less deeply palm- 
ately cleft into 5-9 narrowly oblong to lanceolate lobes, the central lobe 
usually more elongated, sometimes only coarsely toothed: peduncles not 
longer than the leaves: petals 6-8 lines long, yellow, the upper brownish 
purple outside: capsule 5-6 lines long, acute. Southwestern Oregon to 
southern California. 
VY. Brooksii Kell. Cal. Hort. ix, 281. V. lobata var. integrifolia Wat- 
son Bot. Cal. i, 57. Minutely pubescent: stems erect, 4-8 inches high, 
few-leaved: leaves deltoid or rhombic-ovate, often long-acuminate, cre- 
nate-serrate, 1-3 inches broad: stipules lanceolate, acute, minutely ciliate, 
entire or lacerate: flowers few, sepals linear, little if at all auricled: petals 
Califo 5-6 lines long. In dry open forests southwestern Oregon and 
alifornia. 
V. Canadensis L Sp. ii, 936. Glabrous or Bishtly pubescent: stems 
erect leafy, 6-12 inches high from branching, ascending rootstocks, leaves 
cordate and mostly acuminate, denticulate-serrate; stipules small, nar- 
row, entire, scarious: petals usually pale violet outside, white with yel- 
