72 VIOLACE2, VIOLA, 
lowish base and some purple stripes within, the lateral ones with some 
apillose hairs near the base; spur short and saccate: stigma beakless, 
earded on the sides: capsule oval glabrous, Moist woods, Idaho, Sand- 
berg (N. 213), to the northern Atlantic States and Canada, 
V. gilabella Nutt. T. & G, Fl. i, 142. Minutely pubescent or glabrous: 
stems slender from a short fleshy horizontal rhizoma, naked or sparingly 
leafy below 5-12 inches high: radical leaves on long petioles the upper 
shortly petioled, reniform-cordate to cordate, acute crenately anki or 
crenulate 1-+ inches broad; flowers bright yellow petals 4-8 lines long: 
capsule ovate-oblong 3-5 lines long,abruptly beaked. In forests, Alaska 
to northern California. 
VY. ocellata T. & G. FI, i, 142. Pubescent: stems slender 6-12 inches 
high from somewhat creeping rootstocks: leaves on very long petioles cor- 
date-triangular crenately toothed, seldom acuminate: stipules lanceolate 
somewhat ciliate : peduncles shorter than the leaves: sepals linear: petals 
oblong lanceolate the upper ones violet or with a deep violet spot on the 
upper face; lower ones white or with some yellow and purple veins; spur 
very short: stigma strongly bearded on each side. Southern Oregon to 
middle California. 
Vv. ecuneata Watson Proc. Am. Acad. xiv, 290. Glabrous: stems slen- 
der and somewhat trailing, 3-12 inches long, from a long running root- 
stock ; leaves rhombic-ovate, acute attenuate into a slender petiole some- 
what crenately toothed above: peduncles not exceeding the leaves: upper 
petals deep purple, the others purple and white, 4-6 lines long. South- 
western Oregon and adjacent California among underbrush. 
** * * * Caulescent, from more or less creeping rootstocks, or at 
first flowering nearly acaulescent, erect or spreading: leaves cordate, 
undivided: corolla from blue to white with projecting, oblong to cylin- 
‘drical spur: style moderately thickened apweed: beardless. 
V. aduneca Smith in Bos. Cycl. xxxviii. V. canina var. adunca Gray. 
Puberulent or nearly glabrous, usually 3-11 inches high, at length send- 
ing out runners that bear cleistogamous flowers: leaves ovate, more or 
less cordate at base, 43-14% inches long obscurely crenate: peduncles usu- 
ally longer than the leaves: flowers violet or purple to white: petals 6-8 
lines long tbe lateral ones bearded, spur as long as the sepals, rather slen- 
der, hooked or curved. Common from: Brit. Columbia to California, east 
to the Rocky Mountains. 
V. puberula. V. canina var. puberula Watson in Gray Man. ed: 
6, 81. Finely puberulent throughout: low, 2 inches high: leaves shallowly 
or often not at all cordate, mostly small: peduncles but little exceeding 
the leaves, flowers small, light blue: spurs cylindraceous, more than half 
the length of the petals. In moist places, Oregon and Washington to the 
Atlantic States. 
V. Howellii Gray Proc. Am. Acad. xxii, 308. Stems slender, few- 
leaved 4-12 inches long: leaves round-reniform to broadly cordate, repand- 
dentate and ciliate an inch or more wide, on long slender petioles: pedun- 
cles equalling or surpassing the leaves: flowers large, pale blue or voilet; 
spur about half as long as the sepals, straight and blunt. In _ forests 
near Portland, Oregon. 
OrpDER X. POLYGALE Endl. Gen. 1077. 
Herbs or shrubs with entire leaves and no stipules. Sepals 
5, distinct, usually persistent, very irregular, three of them 
exterior and smaller; the two lateral or inner ones larger and 
usually petal-like: imbricated in the bud. Petals hypogynous, 
irregular; deciduous; usually onlv 3; of which one is larger 
