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POLYGALA, POLYGALES, — : 78 
than the rest, the others alternate with the inner sepals. 
Stamens 6-8 hypogyncus: filaments combined into a tube 
which is split on the upper side and more or less connate with 
the claws of the petals. Fruit loculicidal or indehiscent. 
Seeds anatropous with a crustaceous testa. Embryo straight 
in fleshy albumen. 
1 POLYGALA Tourn. L. Gen. n. 851. 
Sepals persistent; the wings large and petal-like. Petals 3, 
their claws coherent with the staminal’ tube, the lowest one 
keeled. Ovary 2-celled, ovules solitary in each cell, pendulous. 
Capsule 2-celled, flattened contrary to the narrow partition, ellip- 
tical, obovate, or obcordate. Seeds carunculate, with copious al- 
bumen. Herbs shrubby at base, with simple entire leaves and 
racemose or spicate flowers. 
P. Californica Nutt. T. & G. Fl. i, 671. P. cucullata Benth. Stems 
slender from a woody base, 2-8 inches high: leaves oblong-lanceolate or 
sometimes ovate-elliptical 4-1 inch long on very short petioles: flowers 
rose-color on pediceis 1-3 lines long, without bracts: sepals glabrous or 
nearly so, the outer 24 lines long, rounded-saccate at base; the wings 
rather broadly spatulate 4-6 lines long: lateral petals linear-lanceolate, 
somewhat ciliate, about equalling the keel: fruit mostly from apetalous, 
flowers near the root; capsule glabrous, broadly ovate 244-3 lines long, re- 
tuse above, nearly sessile, narrowly margined: seeds 2 lines long some- 
what pubescent; the caruncle vesicular and wrinkled, calyptra-like, half 
the length of the seed. Southwestern Oregon and California. 
OrDER XI. CARYOPHYLLACE Juss. 
Herbs sometimes suffrutescent at base with bland and inert 
juice, regular and mostly perfect flowers, persistent calyx, its 
parts and the petals 4 or 5 and imbricated, or the petals some- 
times conyolute, in the bud, stamens twice as many, or as 
many and alternate with them or rarely fewer than the petals, 
ovary 1-celled with afree central placenta bearing few to several 
campylotropous ovules, the reniform seeds with a slender em- 
bryo coiled around the outside of farinaceous albumen. Stems 
usually swollen at the nodes. Leaves often united at the base 
by a transverse line, in one group with interposed scarious sti- 
pules. Petals sometimes wanting. Stamens mostly hypogynous 
around an annular disk, sometimes perigynous by its cohesion 
with the base of the calyx. Styles 2-5 mostly distinct and 
with the stigma running down the inner face. Fruit a capsule. 
opening by valves or by teeth at the summit. [lowers termi- 
nal, or in the forks, or in cymes. , 
TRIBE 1. Sepals united into a 4- or 5-toothed or lobed calyx. 
Petals commonly with an appendage on the base of the blade 
within, narrowed below into a conspicuous claw; these and the 
stamens borne on the stipe of the ovary. Styles distinct. Capsule 
dehiscent at the summit by as many or twice as many teeth as 
styles. Flowers comparatively large, perfect, or not infrequently 
