- RHAMNUS. RHAMNACE.%. . 113 
CEANOTHUS. 
calyx and stamens 5; petals wanting: fruit black, 3-lobed, 3 lines long, 
equalling the pedicels. Kastern Washington to California, east to Canada 
and New England. 
§ 2 Francura Brongn. 1. c. Seeds and nutlets convex on the 
back, the raphe lateral; flowers mosily perfect, in pedunculate 
cymes. 
R. Californieus Esch. Mem. Acad. Petr. x, 281. A spreading shrub 
4-18 feet high; young branches somewhat tomentose: leaves ovate-oblong 
to elliptical, 1-4 inches long, 6-18 lines broad, acute or obtuse, mostly 
rounded at base, denticulate or nearly entire, persistent: peduncles with 
numerous mostly abortive flowers in subumbellate fascicles: calyx usually 
d-cleft; petals very small, broadly ovate, emarginate: fruit very dark pur- 
ple, 3-4 lines in diameter, 2-3-lobed and 2-3-seeded; pulp thin. From 
Klamath lake, Oregon, to southern California. 
R. occidentalis Howell P. C. Pl. Coll. 1887. Erect shrub 2-10 feet 
high: smooth throughout or the young branches and petioles minutely 
scabrous: leaves coriaceous, yellowish-green, elliptical, acute to obtuse or 
retuse, obscurely repand-dentate, 1-2 inches long by 6-15 lines broad, per- 
sistent: peduncles with numerous flowers in subumbellate fascicles: calyx 
usually 5-cleft, the deltoid lobes with a raised callous down the centre: 
petals small, orbicular, 2-lobed at the summit: fruit black when mature, 
obscurely 3-lobed; pulp moderately thick. On gravelly hillsides and plains, 
Se the eastern base of the Coast Mountains near: Waldo, Josephine Co., 
regon. 
R. Purshiana DC. Prodr. ii. 25. cascara. A tree 20—50 feet high: 
young branches tomentose: leaves elliptical, 2-7 inches long by 1-3 inches 
broad, mostly acute, obtuse or cordate at bdse, denticulate pubescent 
beneath, thin, deciduous: flowers perfect, comparatively large, in a some- 
what umbellate cyme; sepals 5; petals 5, small, 2-lobed, embracing the 
' very short stamens: styles united to the summit; stigmas 3: fruit black, 
turbinate, 3-seeded. Common from Brit. Columbia to California west of 
the Cascade Mountains. . 
CEANOTHUS L. Gen. n. 267. 
hrubs or small trees with petioled simple leaves and perfect 
flowers in lateral and terminal dense thyrsoid panicles or corymbs. 
Calyx 5-cleft, with acute connivent lobes, the upper part at length 
separating by a transverse line the tube remaining; disk thick, 
adnate to the turbinate or hemispherical tube and to the ovary. 
Petals 5, longer than the calyx, saccate and arched, on long claws. 
Stamens 5, exserted; filaments filiform; anthers, ovate, 2-celled. 
Styles 3, more or less united below, diverging above. Fruit sub- 
globose, 3-lobed, surrounded at base by the adnate calyx-tube, 
soon dry, the 3 crustaceous nutlets at length separating and dehis- 
cent by the inner suture. Seeds convex on the back. ; 
§ 1 Cranornus proper. Leaves all alternate, 3-ribbed from 
the base or pinnately veined, glandular-toothed or entire. Fruit 
not crested. ° 
‘* Leaves 3-ribbed from the base. 
+ Erect shrubs, the branches not rigidly divaricate nor spiny: leaves 
usually large. more or less serrate: inflorescence thyrsoid. 
++ Inflorescence on leafless lateral shoots from wood of the previous 
