. 168 ROSACE 4. ROSA. 
* * Seeds with shining stony testa: albumen very distinct: stipules 
membranaceous, caducous. ; fang ; 
17. Opulaster. Carpels membranaceous, inflated, 2-valved, distinct, 
often stipitate: flowers perfect, corymbose: leaves lobed. 
* * * Seeds with membranous testa and no albumen: stipules_ 
none. 
+ Calyx persistent: stamens perigynous: carpels several-seeded. 
18. Spirea. Carpels cartilaginous, follicular, distinct: flowers perfect, 
rarely polygamous: shrubs with simple serrate or incised leaves. 
19. Luetkea. Carpels membranaceous, 2-valved, distinct: low herbs 
with biternately parted leaves and perfect flowers. 
«+ + Calyx marcescent: stamens hypogynous: carpels few-seeded. 
20. Aruncus. Carpels cartilaginous, l-valved, distinct: tall herbs with 
ternately compound leaves and dicecious flowers. 
Tribe 1. Rosex Juss. Carpels many, with two suspended 
ovules, one above the other, becoming crustaceous, indehiscent, one- 
seeded achenes, insertea on the whole inner surface of the thickened 
torus or disk which lines the tube of the calyz. 3 
1 ROSA Tourn. L. Gen. n. 631. (Rosg). 
Prickly shrubs with unequally pinnate leaves, adnate stipules 
and large flowers in corymbs or solitary. Calyx urceolate, the 
tube contracted at the mouth, at length fleshy or baccate, en- 
closing the numerous distinct ovaries. Ovaries one-celled, with 
two suspended ovules, one above the other, becoming one-seeded 
indehiscent crustaceous or bony achenes, inserted on the whole 
inner surface of the thickened disk that lines the tube of the 
calyx, style terminal or nearly so, somewhat exserted, distinct or 
connate above. 
* Sepals connivent after flowering and persistent. 
R. Nutkana Presl. Epimel. Bot. 203. Stems stout, 1-10 feet high, 
armed with stout straight or recurved spines, the branches sometimes un- 
armed and the young shoots vient prickly: stipules rather broad, gland- 
ular-ciliate ; leaflets 5-9, broadly elliptical to ovate or oblong or lanceolate, 
usually rounded at base, serrate above the middle, 44-2 inches long, finely 
pubescent and more or less resinous beneath: flowers solitary or 2-3 to- 
gether; calyx-lobes lanceolate, acuminate and tipped with a lanceolate 
entire foliaceous appendage, the whole 12-18 lines long, densely tomentose 
inside. smooth or more or less glandular outside: petals broadly obovate 
or obcordate, 12-16 lines long, nearly as broad: fruit globose, 6 lines long 
or more, not contracted above into a neck. Common from Brit. Columbia 
to California, Montana and Utah. 
R. blanda Ait, Hort. Kew. ii, 202. Stems 1-2 feet. high, wholly un- 
armed, or usually with afew slender straight scattered prickles, sometimes 
more densely prickly: stipules dilated, naked and entire, or slightly gland- 
ular toothed above; leaflets 5-7, usually oblong-oblanceolate, mosily cune- 
ate at base and shortly petiolulate, coarsely and simply toothed, glabrous 
above, paler and glabrous or more or less pubescent beneath, not resinous 
or very rarely slightly so, usually large, the terminal one 34-24 inches 
long; rachis pubescent, sometimes sparingly prickly: flowers large, corym- 
bose or often solitary: sepals entire, shortly hispid or sometimes naked : 
fruit globose or with more or less of a neck below the calyx, sometimes 
