UMBELLIFER2. . 243 
Var. borealis Coulter1l.c. Joints elongated obovate to orbicular, 2-8 
inches long: pulvina 6-9 lines apart, with few straw-colored bristles, and 
mostly one stout spreading or deflexed reddish-brown interior spine: 
fruit ovate, with depressed umbilicus, shortly spiny; seeds 2 lines broad, 
with narrow and acute margin. On sandy plains, Brit. Columbia to 
Eastern Oregon and Dakota. 
OrpER XLITI. UMBELLIFERZ Juss. Gen. 
Herbs or rarely suffrutescent plants with alternate (rarely 
opposite) usually pinnatifid or ternately divided leaves, the 
petioles usually dilated and sheathing at base, and small 
flowers in simple or compound umbels, usually subtended by 
an involucre, and often by involucels. Calyx adherent to the 
ovary, its limb very small, 5-toothed or entire. Petals 5, in- 
serted on the outside of the epigynous disk, usually inflexed 
at the point, the inflexed portion cohering with the lamina. 
Stamens 5 alternate with the petals, inflexed in the bud: an- 
thers ovate, introrse. Ovary composed of two united carpels 
invested with the coherent calyx, 2-celled, with a solitary sus- 
pended ovule in each cell: styles 2, their bases dilated and 
thickened into a fleshy body (cailed stylopodium) which cov- 
ers the top of the ovary; stigmas simple. Fruit consisting of 
two dry carpels which adhere by their faces (called comis- 
sures) toa common axis (called carpophore) at length sep- 
arating from each other and suspended from the summit of the 
carpophore, each carpel indehiscent, marked with 5 longitudi- 
nal primary ribs, one opposite each petal and each stamen, 
and often with 5 secondary ones: in the substance of the peri- 
carp are usually several longitudinal tubes (called vittea), filled 
with a colored aromatic oil, which are commonly lodged in the 
spaces (intervalves) between the ribs but sometimes opposite 
them. Seeds anatropous, usually coherent with the carpel 
rarely loose. Embryo minute at the base of the copious 
horny albumen. 
§ I. Fruit with secondary ribs the most prominent or the only ones: 
oil-tubes solitary beneath the secondary ribs or wanting: stylopodium con- 
ical (except in Daucus). : 
* Fruit bristly primary ribs filiform, secondary ribs winged, um- 
bels compound; leaves pinnately decompound. 
1. Daucus. Stylopodium depressed or wanting. 
2. Caucalis. Stylopodium conical. 
3 CorranpruM Calyx-teeth evident: fruit globose, with broad commissure, 
§ II. Fruit with primary ribs only. ne 
* Fruit strongly flattened dorsally with prominently winged ribs. 
+ Caulescent branching plants with solitary oil-tubes (except 
some species of Angelica) depressed stylopodium, filiform to winged 
dorsal and intermediate ribs and white flowers. 
