270 -ARALIACE. ARALIA, 
der creeping stems, orbicular-peltate or reniform leaves and small! 
white flowers in simple or proliferous umbels. Calyx teeth mi- 
nute or obsolete. Fruit more or less orbicular. Carpels with 
5 primary ribs, the dorsal marginal, broad or filiform; inter- 
mediate filiform, usually curved; laterals filiform or broad, dis- 
tinct from those of the other carpel or confluent: a prominent 
oil-bearing layer beneath the epidermis occasionally containing 
small oil-tubes. 
H. ranuncluoides L. f. Suppl.177. Stems rather slender 6-12 inches 
long: leaves thickish, round-reniform,6-18 lines in diameter, 3-7-cleft, with 
crenate lobes: peduncles 1-3 inches long, reflexed in fruit: umbel capi- 
tate, 5-10-flowered: fruit with rather obscure ribs, strongly flattened lat- 
erally: stylopodium depressed. In ponds, Oregon to California and 
across the continent. ; . 
OrDER XLIV. ARALIACE.® Vent. Tabl. iii, 2. 
Shrubs, trees or perennial herbs with compound or simple 
leaves without stipules, the petioles thickened and dilated at 
base, and umbellate paniculate, or racemose infloresence. 
Calyx adherent to the ovary. the limb usually very small, en- 
tire or toothed. Petals 5-10, valvate in the bud, very 1arely 
none. Stamens as many as petals and alternate with them: 
filaments short: anthers introrse. Ovary crowned with an 
epigynous disk, 2—15-celled, with a solitary suspended ovule in 
each cell: styles erect and connivent or spreading: stigma sim- 
ple. Fruit drupaceous or baccate, sometimes nearly dry, but 
the carpels not separating. Seed solitary in each cell, anatro- 
pous. Embryo short, at the base of copious fleshy albumen. 
1. Aralia. Petals imbricate in the bud, drupes 5-celled: pedicels not 
jointed. 
2. Echinopanax. Petals valvate in the bud, drupes 2-3-celled, pedicels 
not jointed. 
. 1 ARALIA. Vaillant. 
Perennial herbs or shrubs with alternate digitate or com- 
pound leaves and small flowers in racemed umbels. Calyx 5- 
toothed or entire. Petals 5, ovate, slightly imbricate. Sta- 
mens 5. Disk depressed or rarely conical. Ovary 2-5-celled; 
styles few or connate at base, at length divaricate; stigmas 
terminal. Fruit laterally compressed, becoming 3-—5-angled, 
fleshy externally ,endocarp chartaceous. 
A. Californica Watson. Herbaceous, unarmed and nearly glabrous, 
8-10 feet high from a large thick root: leaves bipinnate, or the upper pin- 
nate with 1 or 2 pairs of leaflets, which are cordate-ovate, 4-8 inches long 
or more, shortly acuminate, simply or doubly serrate with short acute 
teeth, uppermost leaves ovate-lanceolate: umbels in loose terminal and 
axilary compound or simple racemose panicles, which are a foot or two 
long and more or less glandular-tomentose ; rays numerous, 4-6 lines long; 
involucres of several linear bractlets; flowers 114-2 lines long; disk and 
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