290 COMPOSITE. TUBULIFLORE. 
D. syxivestrris Mill. Dict. Stems stout, 2-5 feet high prickly: lanceo- 
late-oblong, connate at: base, 4-6 inches long: involucre as long as the. 
heads: bracts of the receptacle tipped witha long and straight flexible 
awn; corolla flesh-color. In waste places and old fields. Naturalized 
from Europe. t oli 
Orper LI, COMPOSIT At Vaill. Act. Acad. Paris 143. 
Herbs, shrubs or small trees with various leaves and small 
flowers in dense, closely involucrate heads on a simple recepta- 
cle, the heads often resembling a single flower. Flowers 5- 
merous or sometimes 4-merous. ‘Tube of the calyx wholly ad- 
-nate to the ovary, its limb none or obsolete or developed into 
a cup or teeth scales awns or capillary bristles. Corolla epigy- 
nous, valyate in the bud. Stamens as many as lobes of the co- 
rolla and alternate with them, inserted on the corolla-tube: 
anthers united by their edges into a tube, commonly with ster- 
ile tips or appendages, the cells introrse, discharging the 
pollen within the tube, this forced out by the lengthening of 
the style. Style in all fertile flowers 9 cleft or lobed at sum- 
mit and bearing introrse-marginal stigmas; ovary 1-celled, 
with a solitary anatropous ovule erect from the base. Fruit an 
achene. Seed with a straight embryo and no albumen. 
Herbs are said to be homogamous when all its flowers are alike 
in sex; heterogamous when unlike (generally marginal flowers 
pistillate or neutral, and central hermaphrodite or by abortion 
only staminate): androgynous when of pistillate and staminate 
flowers: monecious or diwcious when the flowers of different sexes 
are in different heads either on the same or different plants: ra- 
diate when there are enlarged ligulate flowers in the margin: 
ligulate when all the flowers have ligulate corollas: discoid when 
there.are no enlarged marginal corollas. 
SuporDER I. TUBULIFLORA. 
Herbs or shrubs with watery or resinous, rarely somewhat 
milky juice. Corollas tubular and regular in all the hermaphro- 
dite flowers. 
* Heads homogamous and discoid flowers all hermaphrodite, never 
yellow; anthers not caudate at base. 
I. Eupatoriacee. Style-branches elongated, more or less clavate-thick- 
ened upward and obtuse, minutely papillose-puberulent, stigmatic only 
below the middle. 
* * Heads homogamous or heterogamous; flowers not rarely yellow: 
style-branches of hermaphrodite flowers with stigmatic lines mostly 
prominulous and extending either to the naked summit or to a more or 
- less distinct pubescent or hispidulous tip or appendage. 
If. Asteroidew. Anthers not cordate at base; style-branches in her- 
maphrodite flowers flattened and witha distinct terminal appendage : 
disk corollas generally yellow: rays of same or different color. 
