ASTER . COMPOSIT 807 
17, ASTER Tourn, Inst. 174. L. Gen. n. 954. 
Perennial, or rarely annual herbs with alternate entire or gser- 
rate leaves and, racemose paniculate or corymbose heads of 
flowers with white, purple or blue ray, and yellow, often chang- 
ing to purple, disk corollas. Heads many flowered; the ray- 
flowers in a single series, not very numerous, pistillate ; those of 
the disk tubular, perfect. Bracts of the involucre more or less im- 
bricated, usually with herbaceous or foliaceous tips. Receptacle 
flat or convex, naked. Appendages of the style (in the disk- 
flowers) lanceolate or subulate, acute, rarely triangular. Pappus 
simple; of numerous, often unequal, scabrous capillary bristles. 
Achenes usually compressed. 
* Involucre well imbricated: the bracts appressed and coriaceous 
with short and abrupt mostly obtuse herbaceous or foliaceous, spread- 
ing tips: achenes narrow, 5-10-nerved: rays showy, blue or violet: 
leaves of firm texture, more or less scabrous. ~ 
A. radulinus Gray Proc. Am. Acad. viii, 388. Rough-pubescent 
throughout: stems rather stout, 6-20 inches high, branching above and 
bearing an open corymb of middle. sized heads: leaves rigid and coriaceous, 
oblong or the lower obovate-spatulate, sharply serrate above, tapering’ be- 
low into a narrow entire base, prominently reticulate-veiny, scabrous both 
sides, the midrib very prominent beneath: peduncles short: involucre ob- 
conical, 4-5 lines long, its bracts rigid,appressed, lanceolote or oblong, ob- 
tuse to abruptly pointed or mucronate, more or less glandular—pubescent, 
the tips mostly green: rays 15-18, white to purple: achenes minutely pub- 
escent. Dry open ground, British Columbia to California and Idaho, 
A. conspicuous Lindl. Hook. Fl. ii, 7. Scabrous: stems 1-3 feet hizh, 
stout, rigid, bearing several or numerous corymbosely cymose heads, leaves 
rigid, ovate, oblong, or the lower obovate, acute, ample, often 4-6 incbes 
long, by 1-4 inches broad, acutely serrate, reticulate-venulose as well as 
veiny: involucre broadly campanulate, about equalling the disk, 5-6 lines 
high, its bracts in several series,minutely glandular—puberulent or viscidu- 
lous, lanceolate, acute; the greenish tips a little spreading: rays half inch 
long, violet: achenes minutely pubescent. In the mountains of Eastern 
Washington and Idaho, to British Columbia and the Saskatchewan. 
* * Involucreand usually branchlets viscidly or pruinose-glandular, © 
either well imbricated or loose: rays showy, violet to purple: achenes 
mostly several-nerved and narrow: pubescence not sericeous : leaves all 
entire or the lower with few and rare teeth, cauline all sessile or 
partly clasping. 
A. integrifolius Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. n. s.vii, 291. Stems stout, 
simple 6-12 inches bigh or more, yillous-pubescent, the summit and the 
simple corymb glandular and viscid: leaves of firm texture, oblong or spat- 
ulate, or the upper ones lanceolate, the larger ones 4-7 inches long, .some- 
times obsoletely repand-serrulate, apiculate, traversed by a strong midrib- 
venulose-reticulated, glabrate, half-clasping: lowest tapering into a long 
stout wing-margined petiole with clasping base: heads fully half inch high, 
hemispherical: involucre and branchlets viscid-glandular: its bracts 
few-ranked, linear, ascending, not squarrose; the outer sometimes short 
and rather close, commonly larger and more foliaceous, nearly equalling 
the inner; these equalling the disk: rays 15-25, bluish-purple, half-inch 
ston achenes compressed-fusiform, 5-nerved, and eometimes with .inter- 
mediate nerves,sparsely pubescent ; pappusdecidedly rigid, Open and moist 
