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OREASTRUM COMPOSIT.® 313 
MACH ZRANTHRA » 
5 toothed and the teeth erect. Style-branches filiform to subu- 
late-linear. strongly hirsutulous. Achenes subterete, distinctly 
5-8 costate. Pappus a single series of brownish barbellate-scab- 
rous and rather fragile or deciduous bristles. 
0. alpigenum Greene]. c. 147. Aster alpigenus Gray Aster pulchel- 
lus Eaton?. Scapiform stems spreading and as-urgent,2—4 inches long to- 
mentose at the summit: radical leaves from lingulate-spatulate to narrowly 
linear, glabrous, obtuse, nerveless,l—3 inches long,3-4 lines wide near the 
apex : heads broad, fully 6 lines high and broad: bracts of the involucre 
not very unequal, usually pubescent, linear, acute: rays purple, 6-8 lines 
long, style-appendages linear-subulate: achenes linear, striate glabrate ‘be- 
low, hirsute near the top. On the highest peaks of the Cascade moun- 
IONACTIS 
tains, 
©. Andersoni Greene 1. ¢. Aster Andersoni Gray. Scapiform stems 
erect, 8-14 inches high: radical leaves lingulate-linear or slightly broader 
ward, grass-like, mostly acute, 2-10 inches long, 2-3 lines broad ,nervose 
when dry seeetous 5 upper cauline reduced to scattered subulate bracts: 
heads broad, fully half inch higb and wide: bracts of the involucre linear, 
acutish, rather loose, often tomentulose when young: style appendages fili- 
form: rays rather numerous, purple or violet: achenes oblong-linear, soft 
villous. In wet mountain meadows. Coast mountains, near Waldo, Ore- 
gon, and along the whole length of the Sierra Nevadas. 
19 a IONACTIS Greene Pitt. iii, 245. 
Low tufted perennials, often lignescent at base,,never stolonif- 
erous, or with radical leaves. Stems clothed equally with nar- 
row, rigid, one nerved and veinless leaves and terminating in one 
ormore showy heads with violet rays. Involucre of well imbri- 
cated bracts of coriaceous texture without herbaceous tips, ap- 
pressed even to the tips. Achenes narrow, villous. Pappus 
double the more copious inner series bristly, the outer short and 
setulose. 
I. alpina Greene |. c. Aster Scopulorum Gray. Stems several from a 
suffrutescent base, simple tomentose-pubescent, naked at the summit 3-4 
inches high: leaves crowded, erect, linear-oblong, mucronulate, rather 
rigid scabrous, 1-nerved, flat, with cartilaginous minutely serrulate-scab- 
rious margins, about 5 lines long, by 1-2lines broad: heads solitary, 4-6 
lines high; bracts of the hem‘spherical involucre linear, acute, 1-nerved, 
with scabrious margins, pubescent, imbricated in about 3 series: rays vio- 
. let, 12-15: exterior pappus of rather numerous setaceous bristles. Style 
appendages subulate-linear as long as the stigmatic portion : achenes com- 
pressed, silky-villous. On high rocky ridges of Southeastern Oregon to 
the Rocky mountains. 
I. stenomeres Greene |. c. Aster stenomeres Gray. ‘‘More slender, 6-10 
inches high, green, minutely scabrous: solitary, naked-peduncnlate head 
larger: leaves all linear, (half to full inch long, a line wide), acutely mu- 
cronate, hardly margined : involucre broad; its bracts barely in two mod- 
erately unequal series, linear, acute or acuminate, thinnish, often pubes- 
cent: rays pale violet, over half inch long; outer pappus setulose. style-ap- 
pendages elongated, subulate-linear or narrower: achenes flat, with strong 
marginal nerves. On Rocky mountains of Montana and Idaho ”’ 
20 MACH ARANTHRA Nees. Ast. 224. 
Annual biennial, of perennial divaricately branchéd herbs with 
