‘gnrameon . ). COMPOSITE 319 
‘pine or subalpine in the Blue mountains of Oregon to the Rocky 
mountains and northward. 
E. pacificus Hirsute with white hairs, s!ems seveal from a simple or 
more or less multicipital somewhat woody perennial root, ascending, 2-4 
inches long, leafy monocephalous: lower leaves narrowly lanceolate to al- 
most linear, 1-2 inches long; cauline leaves similar but smaller: heads 
4-5 lines high; bracts of the involucre linear-lanceolate, acute or acumin- 
ate, hirsute: rays 30-40, blue to purple, 6 Jines long: pappus of ray- 
flowers manifestly double, the outer very short or a mere crown, the inner 
‘about equalling the disk-flowers, soon deciduous: achenes minutely 
pubescent. On grassy slopes of the Cascade mountains near Table Rock, 
Clackamas County, Oregon. 
+- + + + + Various species with entire leaves, none truly 
‘alpine, none hispidly birsute except very rarely some spreadin 
bristly hairs fringing the base of the leaves: involucre close, dispose 
' to be somewhat. imbricated and rigid: rays not very nume:ous, in 
several species uniformly wanting. ' 
' ++ Either low or comparatively tall, leafy stemmed or subscapose : 
achenes compressed, 2-nerved, rarely 3-nerved. 
= Heads radiate: leaves all narrowly linear to filiform, tbe broad- 
est not over a line wide: pubescence either cinerous or obscure. 
a. Involucre only 2-3 lines high of unequal and somewhat imbricated 
bracts. 
E. filifolins Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil Soc. vii, 328. Canescent or cinereous 
throughout with very fine close pubescence, no loose bairs: stems slender, 
10-20 inches hizh from a lignescent slender base or branched -rootstock 
leafy, usually paniculately branched and bearing several or rather numer- 
ous heads: leaves linear-filiform or quite filiform, some lower ones some- 
times dilated upward and flat: involu: re canescent: rays 30-50, rarely over 
80, purple, violet or white, 3-4 lines long: achenes slightly pubescent or 
glabrate: pappus simple, of fragile and indistinctly scabrous bristles. 
pee or dry sandy ground, Hastern Oregon to British Columbia and 
Idaho. 
E. peucephyllus Gray Syn. Fl. i, Pt. 2, 213. Hoary with a minute 
appressed pubescence: stems slender, 4-12 inches high, usually sparingly 
branched: leaves narrowly linear, 1-2 inches long by half of a line wide, 
flat: involucre 3-4. lines high; its narrowly lanceolate bracts unequal, 
hirsute: rays 20-30, 4-6 lines long, bright yellow: pappus double, the outer 
- squamellate: achenes smooth or nearly so: Dry hills Eastern Oregon and 
Washington near the Cascade mountains. Dr. Gray evidently had two or 
three species mixed in his description of E. peucephyllus, the above des- 
cription is for the yellow-flowered one only. 
b. Involucre 3-4 lines high, of equal bracts: rays of equal length. 3 
E. ochroleucus Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. vii, 309. Cinereous- 
pubescent to glabrate: stems 10-18 inches high, somewhat cespitose, 
usually simple, naked above and monocephalous, occasionally with one or 
two additional heads: leaves rather rigid, narrowly linear, the radical 2-3 
‘inches long, often a line wide at the upper part, not rarely sparsely 
hirsute-ciliate below : involucre tomentose or hirsute pubescent: rays 40-60, 
ochroleucous, white or purplish: outer pappus setulose. Gravelly hills 
and plains, Idaho to Montana and Wyoming. : 
= = Heads rayless: leaves filiform to narrowly spatulate-linear, 
chiefly from the multicipital caudex: stems more or less scapiform and 
monccephalous. 
E. Bloomeri Gray Proc, Am. Acad. vi, 40. Densely cespitose, cinereous- 
