Eee ee ere ee. 
BRIGHRON | GCOMPOSIT A 391 
stems numerous in a rosulate tuft, from a thick perennial root, prostrate, 
9-12 inches long, leafy to the tops bearing solitary or few rather small 
heads: leaves spatulate or the radical cuneate-obovate, these 1-3 inches 
long, 6-8 lines wide, ccarsely 3-5-toothed or incised ; cauline more entire, 
1-2 inches long: involucre 4-6 lines high its bracts somewhat unequal, 
attenuate-acuminate, the outer often passing into leaves: rays 60-70, pale 
purplish or pink, 4-6 lines long: pappus rather scanty, shorter than the 
corolla: achenes terete or nearly so, sparsely pubescent, Under over- 
hanging cliffs along the Columbia river near the Cascades. 
+ + Rays very narrow, 100 or more, disk only 3-4 lines broad: 
stems erect, either from a biennial root or from a biennial or winter 
annual offset. 
E. Philadelphicus L. Sp. ii, 863. Soft-pubescent, or sometimes near- 
ly glabrous: stems rather slender, strict, mostly branched above, 1-3 feet 
high: lower leaves spatulate or obovate, obtuse, dentate, 1-3 inches long, 
narrowed into short petioles; upper cauline leaves clasping and. often 
cordate at base, obtuse or acute, dentate or entire: heads several or 
numerous corymbose-paniculate, 5-12 lines broad, slender-peduncled: 
duncles thickened at the summit: involucre depressed-hemispheric, its 
racts linear, usually scarious margined : rays 100-150, 2-6 lines foie: rose- 
purple or pink: achenes puberulent, Along streams and moist meadows 
throughout North America. 
* * * * * Annuals or sometimes biennials, leafy-stemmed and 
branching: heads conspicuously radiate. 
-+ Rays of the small or barely middle-sized heads very numerous, 
narrow, with pappus like the disk-flowers; the inner of rather scanty 
bristles; the outer of short subulate squamelle: leaves from entire to 
sparingly lobed. 
E. divergeus T. & G. Fl. ii, 175. Cinereous-pubescent or hirsute: 
stems diffusely branched and spreading, 10-20 inches high: leaves linear- 
spatulate, or the upper linear and the lowest broader, 1-2 inches long: 
heads slender-peduncled, 6-8 lines broad, usually numerous: involucre 
hemispheric, its bracts linear, acute, hirsute or canescent: rays about 100, 
purplish or violet, to nearly white, 2-6 lines long, pappus double, the short 
outer row of bristles subulate; achenes narrow, little compressed, with a 
broad and whitish truncate apex. Low plains and river-banke, British 
Columbia to California, Texas and Nebraska. 
+ + Rays of the small heads not very numerousnor very narrow; 
the bristles of their pappus commonly wanting or very few; outer pappus 
a short crown of distinct or eta united slender squamelle, persistent 
pier ee fragile inner pappus has fallen: leafy-stemmed annuals or 
iennials. 
E. annuus Pers. Syn. ii, 431. Annual; sparingly pubescent with 
spreading hairs: stems erect, corymbosely branched, 1-4 feet high: leaves 
thin, the radical and lower cauline ovate to ovate-lanceolate, mostly 
obtuse, petioled, usually coarsely dentate, 2-6 inches long by 1-2 
inches wide; upper cauline lanceolate, oblong or linear-lanceolate, acute 
or acuminate, mostly dentate in the middle, sessile or short-petioled ; 
those of the branches narrower and often entire: Heads rather numerous, 
5-7 lines broad, mostly short pedunclec: bracts of the hemispheric 
involucre somewhat hispid: rays 40-70 white, or commonly tinged with 
purple, 2-4 lines long. In fields and open ridges, Oregon to the Atlantic 
states. 
E. ramosus. B. S. P. Prel. Cat. N. Y. 27. HE. Strigosus Muhl. 
Pubescence appressed, either sparse and strigose or close and minute: 
stem 1-2 feet high: leaves lanceolate, the upper entire; the lower from 
