HELENIUM COMPOSIT 2 359 
GAILLARDIA 
68 HELENIUM L. Sp. 886. 
Erect herbs with alternate simple leaves and pedunculate heads 
of usually yellow, flowers. Heads many-flowered. Bracts of the 
involucre subulate or linear, herbaceous, spreading or soon reflex- 
ed, usually some inconspicuous short scarious interior ones. Re- 
ceptacle more or less elevated, naked. Disk-corollas usually with 
short or almost obsolete proper tube and 4-5-toothed limb; the 
teeth obtuse, glandular-pubescent. Achenes turbinate, 8-10-cos- 
vate. Pappus of usually 4—6 thin scarious scales. 
§ 1. Oxytepis Gray Proc. Am. Acad ix, 205. Rays fertile, 
numerous, long and narrow. Disk-corollas with moderately long 
proper tube. Bracts of the involucre numerous, in 2 series. 
H. Hoopsii Gray Proc. Acad. Philad. 1863, 95. Slightly tomentose or 
pubescent when young, soon glabrate: stem stout, 1-3 feet- high, from a 
strong perennial root, leafy bearing several or sometimes solitary large 
heads: leaves thickish, entire, oblong-lanceolate. or the lower spatulate 
with long tapering base, somewhat nervose: rays becoming inch long, 
tardily reflexed : disk half to three-fourths inch high, hemispherical : recep- 
tacle in fruit ovoid-hemispherical: scales of the pappus ovate-lanceolate, 
long attenuate-acuminate, a little shorter than the corolla. Eastern Ore- 
gon to California and the Rocky Mountains. 
§ 2 EvHELENIUM Gray Proc. Am. Acad. ix, 205. Involucre 
comparatively simple and small, of slender linear or subulate of- 
ten unequal bracts, soon reflexed. Rays fertile, rarely sterile or 
wanting, soon drooping. Disk-corollas with proper tube very 
short or reduced to a mere ring. 
H. autumnale L. Sp. ii, 866. Nearly glabrous or minutely pubescent: 
stems rather stout, 2-6 feet high, corymbosely branched above, narrowly 
winged by the decurrent bases of the leaves: leaves lanceolate to ovate-ob- 
long, acute or acuminate, 2-5 inches long, dentate, narrowed below to the 
sessile base: heads numerous, on long peduncles: bracts of the involucre 
densely canescent: rays 10-18, drooping, as long or longer than the globose 
yellow disk, fertile, 3-cleft: achenes pubescent on the angles: pappus-scales 
ovate, acuminate or aristate, often lacerate or toothed. Wet grounds and 
meadows, Oregon to Brit. Columbia and the eastern States. 
Var. grandiflorum Heads larger: rays 5-12 lines long: scales of the 
pappus narrower and longer awned. Common in wet meadows, Washing- 
ton to California, west of the Cascade Mountains. 
H. Bigelovii Gray Pacif. R. Rep. iv, 107. Almost glabrous: stems 
simple or loosely branched, 2-3 feet high, conspicuously winged: leaves 
from narrowly- to oblong- lanceolate, entire, 2-6 inches long; the radical 
oblong-spatulate,. long-petioled: heads solitary, on very long peduncles; 
rays 10-15, 8-10 lines long, spreading, longer than the depressed -globose 
vellow disk : scales of the pappus ovate-lanceolate or subulate, awn-pointed, 
shorter than the corolla. In marshes, southwestern Oregon to California. 
69 GAILLARDIA Fougeroux Mem. Acad. Sci. Par. 1786, 5, t. 1. 
Erect herbs with alternate leaves and long-peduncled heads of 
showy flowers. Involucre broad, the bracts in 2 or 3 series, all 
but the inner series largely foliaceous or herbaceous and lax. 
Rays neutral, rarely styliferous.and fertile or none. Disk-corollas 
