Se 
_. 
TETRADY MIA COMPOSIT A 371 
RAILLARDELLA 
than the short campanulate throat. Anthers wholly exserted, 
acutely and even caudately sagittate at base; the tips triangular- 
lanceolate. Style-brancies flattish, the truncate and minutely 
penicillate tips terminated by a very short and low obtuse cone. | 
Achenes terete, short, obscurely 5-nerved. Pappus of fine and 
soft minutely scabrous capillary white or whitish long bristles. 
§ 1 nurerrapyMmia T. &G. Fl. ii, 447. Involucre 4-flowered, 
of 4—5 bracts. Pappus extremely copious. Achenes either very 
villous, glabrate or glabrous, varying even in the same species 
T. canescens DC. Prodr. vi, 540. <A hoary sh7 ab 1-2 feet high, perm- 
anently canescent with a dense and close tomen.um, unarmed, fastigiately 
branched: leaves from narrowly linear to spatulate-lanceolate, an inch 
or less long: heads 6-9 lines high, most of them short-pedunculate. Dry 
hills and plains, Brit. Columbia to California and New Mex. east of the 
Cascade Mountains. 
T. glabrata Gray Pacif. R. Rep. ii, 122, t. 5. Shrub 1-4 feet high 
with slender spreading branches; whitened with loose at length deciduous 
tomentum: leaves at length nake1 and green, primary ones slender-subu- 
late, cuspidate, on young shoots appressed, 6 lines long; those of the fasci- 
cles in their axils spatulate-linear, fleshy, pointless: heads mostly short- 
pedunculate; involucre often glabrate: achenes, so far as known, very 
villous. Southeastern Oregon to Eastern California and Utah. 
T. Nuttallii T. & G. Fl. ii, 447 Sbrub 2-3 feet high, much branched, 
woolly when young, canescent: primary leaves mostly converted into sub- 
ulate spines; the others densely fascicled in their axils thickish, linear- 
spatulate, obtuse, half inch long, about equalling the spines: heads fasci- 
ig nh Ze corymbose clusters on very short peduncles. Southern Idaho 
an tah. 
§ 2 Lacornamnus T. & G. 1. ¢. 448. Involucre 5-9-flowered, 
of 5 or 6 broader bracts. Proper pappus reduced nearly or quite 
to a single series of bristles which are covered by a false pappus 
of extremely long very soft and white woolly hairs which dense- 
ly clothe the achenes. 
T. spinosa H & A. Bot. Beech. 36). Shrub 2-4 feet high; at least the 
branches densely white-tomentose; branches divaricate, rigid, bearing 
rigid straight or recurved spines in place of primary leaves; secondary 
leaves fascicled in their axils, sma'l, fleshy, linear-clavate, glabrous or 
glabrate: heads scattered, peduncu ate, fully 6 lines high: pappus of com- 
paratively rigid capillary bristles surpassing the wool of the achene. Dry 
plains, eastern Oregon and Idaho to Utah California and Arizona. 
+ +- +- Involucre of several connivent-erect herbaceous. equal 
bracts, many-flowered. Ours herbs with the flowers all fertile. 
84 RAILLARDELLA Gray Proc Am. Acad. vi, 550, 
Acaulescent, herbs with stout creeping rootstocks, bearing tufts 
of entire radical leaves and a simple naked scape terminated by 
a tingle large head of yellow flowers. Head several- to many- 
flowered, homogamous; the flowers all fertile. Involucre naked 
at base; of 6-14 linear equal bracts-in a single series, lightly 
united into a cup to or above the middle, Receptacle naked, flat 
