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SAUSSUREA | COMPOSIT A | 381 
ARCTIUM 
lucre imbricated in several series, mostly not appendaged. Re- 
ceptacle flat, fimbrillate or with persistent chaff. Corollas with 
slender tube, inflated throat and 5-cleft limb. Anthers with se- 
tiform ciliate or villous tails. Pappus double, the outer of a few 
short denticulate rigid distinct bristles; the inner of a series of 
stout plumose bristles which are united at base. 
S. Americana Eaton Bot. Gaz. vi, 283. Stems rather stout, 2-6 feet 
high, leafy to the top, lightly arachnoid when young, soon glabrate, bearing 
numerous corymbosely cymose heads: leaves membranaceous, ovate and ob- 
long-ovate, acute, or acuminate, denticulate or dentate: radical and lower 
cauline subcordate, on slender margined: petioles, 4 inches long or more; 
upper sessile, with acute base; uppermost lanceolate: heads 6-10 lines high: 
' involucre somewhat turbinate, pubescent; its bracts thin-coriaceous: in 4-9 
ranks all pointless and obtuse, the outer successively shorter: corollas blue or 
purple: receptacle naked, or bearing more or less copious setiform chaff 
among the flowers. In moist places in the high mountains, Oregon and 
Washington. 
88 ARCTIUM L. Gen. n. 923. ( Burpock ). 
Coarse biennial herbs with broad alternate petioled leaves and 
rather large heads of purple or white tubular perfect flowers, ra- 
cemose, corymbose or paniculate at the ends of the stems or 
branches. Involucre globular; its bracts slender-subulate or 
aristiform and spreading above the broader appressed base, 
hooked at tip, imbricated in several series. Receptacle flat, 
densely setose. . Anthers sagittate at base. Filaments glabrous. 
Achenes oblong, somewhat compressed and 38-angled, truncate. 
Pappus of numerous short and rigid or chaffy bristles, separately 
deciduous. 
A. Lappa L. Sp. 816. . Stem stout, 2-9 feet high much branched, rough: 
leaves thin, broadly ovate, pale and tomentose beneath, obtuse, entire re- 
pand or dentate, mostly cordate, the lower often 18 inches long: petioles 
solid, deeply furrowed: heads clustered or corymbose, sometimes long-pe- 
duncled, 6-12 lines in diameter: bracts of the involucre glabrous or nearly 
so, their spines spreading, the inner ones equalling the flowers. Common 
in waste places. Naturalized from Europe. 
89 CARDUUSL. Gen. n. 925. (THISTLE) 
Stout herbs with alternate usually prickly leaves and large or 
middle-sized heads of purple, red, white,or pale yellow flowers. 
Heads many-flowered; the flowers all perfect and fertile, with 
tubular corollas with deeply, often more or less unequally, 5- 
cleft narrow lobes. Involucre globular, ovoid, or at matur- 
ity sometimes campanulate, the mostly narrow bracts inbricated 
in many series, more’commonly tipped with a spine or cuspidate 
point. Receptacle flat, fleshy, densely clothed with bristles. 
Filaments commonly papillose-hairy, distinct. Anthers sagit- 
tate at base, the auricles frequently extended with tails. Style 
filiform, sometimes thickened, or with a ring or node at the base 
of stigmatic portion. Achenes glabrous, thick-walled, obovate or 
