——— a 
i ed ee 
CARDUUS COM POSIT 383 
clavellate tips. Common on prairies Brit. Colum'ia to Californi«. 
+ + None of the involucral bracts with fimbriate or scarious-dila- 
ted tips, but tapering into an almost innocuous weak and short prickle 
or soft point: leaves green both sides, mostly membranaceous, not 
decurrent on the stem. 
C. edulis Greene Proc. Philad. Acad. 1892, 368. Stems robust and 
somewhat succulent, 3-19 feet high, pubescent, leafy to the top: leaves ob- 
long or narrower, from slightly to deeply sinuate-pinnatifid, weakly prick- 
ly-ciliate: heads an inch h gh, scattered, or few in a cluster, usually bracte- 
ose at base: involucre conspicuously arachnoid-woolly when young, partly 
glabrate in age: corollas purple or whitish the lobes much shorter than the 
the throat, filiform in the dried state and capitellate-callous at the apex. 
Edge o‘ timbered lands, Alaska to California west of the Cascade Mountains. 
C. Hallii. Cnicus Hallii Gray. Glabrate and green: stems slender, 2-3 
feet high leafy :leaves pinnatifid; the lobesan‘l teeth rather strongly prick- 
ly: heads solitary and pedunculate or 2-3 in a small terminal cluster, 
more or less bracteose-leafy at base: involucre sparingly arachnoid when 
young, soon glabrate, the attenuate tips of all but the outermost without 
rigid spines: corollas rose-purple to white; the lobes linear, plane, obtuse. 
Oregon to southern California and Utah. | 
* * * * Bracts of the involucre moderately unequal,or the lower 
not rarely about equalling the upper, most of them with more or. less 
herbaceous spinescent-tipped spreading upper portion and no glandu- 
lar dorsal ridge. 
C. occidentalis Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. vii, 418. Mostly stout, 
2-12 feet high, very white with a thick coat of cottony wool: leaves from 
sinuate-dentate to pinnatifid, not very prickly: involucral bracts some- 
times narrow and herbaceous acerose from a little-dilated base, sometimes 
with broader more coriaceous base, or the outer with lanceolate-subulate 
tips: corollas bright red or crimson: style destitute of node. Dry hillsides, 
southwestern Oregon to California. 
* * * * * Bracts of the involucre regularly and chiefly appressed- 
imbricated in numerous ranks; the outer successively shorter; not 
herbaceous-tipped or appendaged. 
+ Heads oblong or cylindraceous, showy: not at all glandular on 
the back ; inner ones all erect and purplish-tinged. 
C. Andersoni Greene |. c. Slender, rather lightly and loosely woolly: 
leaves lightly prickly, sinuate-pinnatifid, rather sparse: heads naked-pe- 
dunculate: involucral bracts comparatively loose and erect. all gradually 
attenuate from a narrow base: outermost tipped with small weak prickles: 
corollas bright pink-red, their slender lobes about equalling their throat: 
style prolonged above the very obscure node. Dry hills, southwestern 
Idaho to eastern California. ) : 
+ + Heads broad, mostly large: involucre glabrous or earlv glab- 
rate, the light arachnoid wool caducous, its bracts rather large, ¢har- 
taceous or coriacedus, not at all glandular on the back: anther-tips 
narrow, very acute.’ 
C, Drummondii Coville Contr. Nat. Herb. iv, 142. Green and some- 
what villous-pubescent, or when young lightly arachnoid-woolly: either 
stemless and bearing sessile leads in a cluster on the crown, or caulescent 
and even 2-3 feet high, with solitary or several loosely disposed heads: 
leaves from sinuate or almost entire to pinnately parted, moderately 
pricklv: larger heads fully half-inch high: bracts of the involucre thin- 
coriaceous or chartaceous, mostly acuminate, weak-prickly, pointed or 
