386 COMPOSIT CNICUS 
ends of the branches subtended by the upper leaves. Bracts of 
the involucre imbricated in several series, the outer ovate. the 
inner lanceolate, tipped by a pinnately branched spine. Recep- 
tacle bristly. Achenes terete, striate, laterally attached, the 
horny margin 10-toothed at the summit. Pappus of 2 series of 
awns, the inner fimbriate. the outer longer, naked. 
C. Bpenepictus L. Sp. 826. Hirsute or pubescent: stems low and bran- 
ching: leaves prominently reticulated, sinuate-pinnatifid or laciniate-den- 
tate, the teeth or margins prickly ; lower attenuate at base ; upper narrowly 
oblong, partly clasping by a broad base: heads sessile, inch and a half 
high,equalled by the upper leaves: bracts of the involucre thin-coriaceous, 
in few ranks, all or most of them abruptly tipped with a spinescent and 
pectinately prickly spreading appendage: receptacle densely setose with 
long and soft capillary bristles: corollas light yellow. In fields southern 
Oregon to California and the Eastern States. Naturalized from Europe. 
Susporper Il LiGULIFLORZ DC. Prodr. vii 74. 
Flowers all ligulate and perfect, in a homogamous radiati- 
form head. 
Tribe ix, CICHORACEA! Juss. Gen. 168. Herbs (or rarely 
trees) almost always with milky bitter or acrid juice, alternate or 
all radical leaves and yellow pink blue or white flrwers in involuer- 
ate heads. Heads homogamous. the flowers all hermaphrodite and 
with ligulate corolla. Receptacle flat or flattish. Ligules usually 
5-toothed at the truncate apex. Anthers sagittate-auriculate at base, 
not caudate: pollen-grains scabrous, dodecahedral, Style-branches 
filiform, minutely papillose, not appendaged but stigmatic lines ev- 
ident only toward the base. 
§ 1 Pappus none. Receptacle naked. 
* Achenes with rounded or somewhat contracted apex and small 
areola, 
93 Lapsana Heads paniculate: involucre erect: achenes obscurely 
striate. J 
§ 2 Pappus paleaceous or partly so; or aristiform, or plumose, 
* Caulescent herbs with small or reduced leaves on the rigid stems 
or branches: receptacle not chaffy: flowers never yellow: achenes 
usually short with truncate summit, not rostrate. 
94 Cichorium Flowers blue: pappus of numerous very short and 
blunt paleze in 2 or more series. 
95 Ptiloria Flowers pink or rose-color: pappus a series of plumose 
bristles or rarely chaffy awns. 
* * Receptacle naked: achenes long-rostrate: pappus a series of 
long-plumose bristles or awns. ; 
96 Tragopogon. Flowers yellow or purple: pappus a series of stout 
bristles somewhat united at base into a ring. 
* * * Involucre sparingly imbricated: receptacle with soft slender 
chaff among the flowers: achenes either truncate or the inner ones 
rostrate. 
