388 COMPOSIT LAPSANA 
CICHORIUM 
112 Lactuea Achenes with a beak or narrowed summit: pappus- bristles 
falling separately. : 
113 Sonchus Achenes without beak or neck: pappus of very soft and 
fine bristles which fall more or less in connection, and commonly one 
or two stouter ones that fall separately. 
98 LAPSANA L. Gen. n. 919 
Erect paniculately branching annual herbs with alternate 
leaves and small heads of yellow flowers. Involucre nearly ey- 
lindric, its principal bracts nearly equal, and with a few exterior 
small ones at base: Receptacle flat, naked. Rays truncate 5- 
toothed at the apex. Anther sagittate at base. Style-branches 
slender. Achenes 20-30-nerved, somewhat flattened, with 
rounded apex and small areola. Pappus none. 
L. communis L. Sp. 811. Stems 1-4 feet high, paniculately branched, 
glabrous above more or less hispid-pubescent below: lower leaves ovate, 
repand-dentate, obtuse, thin, pubescent or glabrate, petioled, 2-4 inches 
long, often with 2-6 lobes on the petiole; the uppermost oblong or lanceo- 
late, sessile, acute, much smaller, mostly entire: heads very numerous, 3- 
6 lines broad, loosely paniculate : involucre oblong-cylindric, 2-3 lines high 
of about 8 linear glaucous connate principal bracts and several very small 
outer ones Along road sides and moist places, Oregon and the Eastern | 
States. Naturalized from Europe. 
94 CICHORIUM TOURN. L. Gen. n. 921. 
Erect branching herbs with alternate and radical leaves and 
large heads of blue, purple, pink or white flowers panicled or in 
sessile clustersalong the stem. Heads several to many-flowered. 
Involucre of 2 series of herbaceous bracts with coriaceous or in- 
durated base; the outer somewhat spreading; the inner sub- 
tending and partly enclosing the outer achenes. Receptacle flat, 
naked or slightly fimbrillate. Anthers sagittate at base. Style- 
branches slender, obtusish. Achenes somewhat angled; the 
broad summit bordered with a crown-like pappus of numerous 
short and blunt palese in 2 or more series. 
C. rntysus L. Sp. 813 (cHicory) Perennial from a long deep tap- 
root: stems 1-3 feet high, with stout, rigid branches, more or less hirsute, 
at least below : radical leaves spatulate in outline, runcinate-pinnatifid, 3-6 
inches long, narrowed into long petioles; cauline oblong or lanceolate,com- 
monly dentate, those of the flowering branches mostly reduced and scale- 
like, subtending solitary or clustered sessile heads, or some heads raised 
on fistulous peduncles: flowers sky-blue, varying to purple or white, open 
only at night or in cloudy weather. Roadsides and waste places. 
96 PTILORIA Raf. Atl. Journ. 145, 1832. 
STEPHANOMERIA Nutt. 
Smooth and glabrous herbs with branching or virgate often 
rigid or rush-like stems, small or scale-like leaves on the flower- 
ing branches, and usually paniculate small or middle-sized heads 
of.white to pink flowers that open only at night or on cloudy days. 
Heads 3-20-flowered. Involucre cylindraceous or oblong, of sev- 
eral appressed and equal plain bracts and some short calyculate 
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