394 COMPOSIT4 APARGIDIUM 
HIERACIUM 
costate: outer pappus of 2 persistent bristles and between them some min- 
ute pointed teeth. Eastern Oregon to California and Arizona. 
M. Torreyi Gray Proc. Am. Acad. ix, 213. Stems 1-12 inches high 
irom: an annual root, branching from the base: lower leaves oblong, rather 
short, pinnatifid with short and dentate lobes, teeth and lobes callous- 
mucronate: heads seldom less than half-inch high, broadish-campanulate, 
short peduncled on the leafy branches: bracts of the involucre lanceolate, 
acuminate: achenes linear-oblong, 5-angled by as many salient often 
almost wing-like ribs, a much less prominent pair in each interval: outer 
pappus of 2-8 stout persistent bristles, between the thickish bases of which 
are minute teeth. Southeastern Oregon to Nevada and Utah. . 
104 APARGIDIUM T. &G. FI. ii, 474. 
Low herbs with fusiform biennial roots, all radical leaves, and 
rather small heads of yellow flowers on. slender scapes. Heads 
many-flowered, nodding in bud, Involucre narrow-campanulate; 
its bracts strongly 1-nerved, in 2-3 series. Receptacle naked. 
Achenes columnar, truncate, smooth. Pappus brownish, of copi- 
ous rather rigid and fragile barbellate-denticulate capillary bris- 
tles, with some outer and smaller ones nearly smooth. 
A. boreale T. & G. 1. ¢. Scape solitary, slender, 6-12 inches high, 
bearing a single head: leaves linear-lanceolate, 3-6 inches long, attenuate 
at both ends, entire, or obscurely undulate: involucre 6-9 lines high; of 
10-15 lanceolate acuminate principal bracts and about as many similar 
but smaller outer ones. Wet meadows in the high mountains, Alaska to 
California. 
105 HIERACIUM Tourn. L. Gen. n. 913. 
Perennial herbs with alternate or all radical leaves and small 
to large erect heads of yellow, rarely white or red flowers in pan- 
icles or corymbs, or solitary. Involucre several- to many-flower- 
ed of narrow equal bracts and some short calyculate ones, or 
sometimes imbricated, not thickened at base nor with thickened 
midrib. Achenes oblong or columnar, smooth and glabrous, 
mostly 10-ribbed or striate, either terete or 4 or 5-angled, slightly 
contracted at the very base, commonly of the same tuickness to 
the truncate summit. Pappus of rather rigid scabrous fragile 
bristles, brown or brownish, rarely white and soft. 
§ 1 ArcuigrRactum Fries. Heads corymbosely paniculate. 
Involucre of the comparatively large heads irregularly more or 
less imbricated. Achenes columnar. Pappus of numerous un- 
equal bristles, 
H. Canadense Michx. FI. ii, 86. Stems robust, 4-6 feet high: leaves 
from lanceolate to ovate-oblong, acute, sparsely and acutely dentate, or 
even laciniate, at least the upper partly clasping and broad or broadish at 
base: involucre usually pubescent when young, occasionally glandular, the 
narrow outermost bracts loose: pappus sorded. Dry open woods, Oregon 
and northward to Pennsylvania and Canada. 
§ 2 StenotHEecA T.&G. Fl. 1, 476, Involucre a series of 
equal bracts and a few short calycula‘e ones, usually narrow 
