400 : COMPOSIT 4 LYGODESMIA 
AGOSERIS 
or angled, usually linear or slender-fusiform. Pappus of copious 
and usually unequal soft or somewhat rigid bristles, from white 
to brownish. | | 
L. juncea Don 1|.c. Perennial by a thick woody root: stems stiff, 
much branched, 8-18 inches high, striate-angled, not spinescent: lower 
leaves lanceolate, rigid, entire, acute or acuminate, 4-2 inches long; the 
upper similar but smaller, or reduced to subulate scales: heads mostly 
5-flowered, solitary at the ends of the branches: involucre about half-inch 
high, its bracts usually gland-tipped : achenes narrowly columnar or shortly 
tapering to the summit: pappus light brown. Dry plains, eastern Idaho 
to Nevada and Minnesota. 
L. spinosa Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. vii, 444. Stems slender and 
rigid, low, much branched from an indurated and matted-woolly peren- 
nial base, otherwise glabrous: branchlets divergent, spinescent, bearing 
minute scales in place of leaves, and lateral very short-peduncled heads: 
lower cauline leaves linear, entire, thickish, above soon reduced to scales: 
involucre 3-5-flowered; its principal bracts not more numerous, rather 
loose, lanceolate; the unequal and more imbricated calyculate ones com- 
paratively broad and large: achenes much shorter than the pappus, not at 
all narrowel upward, 4-5-costate: pappus white, of unequal bristles. 
Gravelly hills and plains, eastern Oregon to California, Nevada and Idaho. 
109 AGOSERIS Raf. Fl. Loudv. 58. 
TROXIMON Nuttall, not of Gertner. 
Acaulescent perennial or annual herbs with clustered radical 
leaves and mostly large heads of yellow flowers on simple scapes. 
Invodluere campanulate or cylindraceous, the bracts mostly lan- 
ceolate, imbricated in few series, the outer loose and often some- 
what foliaceous. Receptacle flat, naked. Achenes oblong or 
linear, terete, 10-ribbed, the apex contracted into a neck or pro- 
longed into a beak, the broad base or basal callus to a narrow 
base more or less hollowed at the insertion. Pappus of copious 
white or whitish merely scabrous capillary bristles, which are 
either persistent on or separately deciduous from the dilated 
terminal areola. 
§ 1 Achenes more or less linear, beakless, or tapering gradually into 
a beak on which the nerves or ribs of the body are produced to the apex: 
acaulescent perennials. 
* No beak to the achene, its moderately short continued summit of 
the same texture as the body and equally 10-costate: involucral bracts 
somewhat equal, all tapering to a slender acumination: the outer from 
an eblong or ovate-lanceolate base, glabrous: pappus rigidulous. 
A. alpestris Greene Pitt. ii, 177. Troximon alpestre Gray. Glabrous : 
rootstock or caudex elongated; leaves narrowly spatulate or lanceolate, pin- 
nately lobed or incised, or parted into narrow linear divisions; scapes 2-3 
inches high, weak: involucre campanulate, 7-8 lines high, the bracts in 
about 2 series: achenes 2-3 lines long, equalled by the slender pappus-pbristles. 
In the Cascade Mountains of Oregon and Washington. 
* * Achenes with apex tapering gradually into a rather stout and 
nerved beak which is shorter than the body 
A. barbellulata Greene l. c. Troximon barbellulatum Greene. Not 
