‘SOLANUM SOLANACE 2@ 497 
4 Nicotiana Calyx persistent and more or less investing the capsule: 
fruit a_2-celled spuriously 4-valved capsule. 
Tribe I Solanex Endl. Gen. 664. Corolla with the regular 
limb plicate or valvate in the bud, usually both; that 1s the sinuses or 
what answers to them plicate and the edges of the lobes induplicate. 
Stamens normally 5, all perfect. Fruit berry-like or at least indehis- 
cent, sometimes nearly dry, seeds flattened: embryo curved or coiled, 
_ slender; the semiterete cotyledons not broader than the radicle. 
1 SOLANUM Tourn. L. Gen. n- 251. 
Herbs or shrubs with alternate leaves and white blue purple or 
yellow flowers in cymes panicles or racemes. Calyx campanulate 
or rotate, mostly 5-toothed or 5-cleft, not inflated in fruit. Co- 
rolla rotate, the limb 5-angled or 5-lobed, the tube very short. 
Stamens inserted in the throat of the corolla: anthers longer than 
their filaments connate or connivent into a cone, opening at the 
apex by a pore or short slit, and sometimes also longitudinally 
even to the base. Ovary usually 2-celled. Fruit mostly globose, 
the calyx either persistent at its base or enclosing it. 
S. nicggum L. Sp. 186 (NiauTrsHape) Green and almost glabrous 
or the younger parts pubescent: stem erect, freely branching, 1-2 feet 
high from an annual root: leaves mostly ovate, petioled, 1-3 inches long, en- - 
tire, repand or sinuate-toothed, acutish to acuminate at the apex, cuneate 
to rounded at base: peduncles lateral, unbellately 3—-10-flowered, 6-18 lines 
long: flowers white, on pedicels 3-7 lines long: calyx-lobes oblong, obtuse, 
spreading, mach shorter than the corolla, 4-10 lines in diameter, the spre- 
ading or reflexed lobes acute: filaments more or less hairy inside: anthers 
oblong, obtuse, loosely connivent: style slightly exserted: berries globose, 
smooth and glabrous, black when ripe, 4-5 lines in diameter, on nodding 
dicels. Waste places and cultivated fields. Widely distributed in near- 
y all countries as a weed, perhaps indigenous. 
S. vi.tosum Lam. Enclycl. Meth. iv, 286. Loosely villous: stem erect, 
freely branching from the base, 1-2 feet high from an annual root: leaves 
ovate to broadly lanceolate the blade 1-2 inches long, coarsely sinuate- 
toothed, narrowed below to a more or less winged slender petiole: pedunc- 
les lateral 3-8- flowered, 1-2 inches long: flowers white, on pedicels 3-6 lines 
long: calyx-lobes triangular-ovate half as long as the corolla enlarging at 
length and embracing the fruit: corolla 4-5 lines in diameter the merely 
spreading lobes acute: filaments glabrous to the base: anthers oblong ob- 
tuse: berries globular, 3-4 lines in diameter, yellow when ripe. In fields 
and waste places, southern Oregon and western California. Introduced 
from: southern Europe. . 
S. triflorum Nutt. Gen. i, 128. Slightly hairy or nearly glabrous: 
stem branching, 1-3 feet high from an annual root: leaves oblong, 2-4 
inches long, pinnatifid, with entire or dentate oblong to lanceolate lobes 
and broad rounded sinuses: peduncles lateral, 1-3-flowered, 6-12 lines long: 
calyx-lobes oblong to lanceolate, shorter than the corolla, persistent at the 
base of the berry: corolla white, 4-5 lines in diameter: anthers oblong, ob- 
tuse: berries globose, green and about 5 lines in diameter when mature. 
In fields, and waste places, Idaho to Ontario, Nebraska and Arizona. 
S. umbelliferum Esch. Mem. Acad. Petrop. x, 281. Tomentose-pu- 
bescent and cinereous with short many-branched hairs, sometimes glab- 
rate: stems erect or declined, woody below, 1-2 feet long from a perennial 
