610 FAGACE | QUERCUS 
tillate solitary or in small spikes, each surrounded by an involu- - 
cre of partly or wholly united bracts which becomes a burr or 
cup. Staminate flowers with a 4-7-lobed calyx and 4-20 sta- 
mens: filaments slender, distinct: anther-cells adnate, longitud- 
inally dehiscent. Pistillate flowers with a 4-8-lobed urn-shaped 
or oblong calyx adnate to the 3-7-celled ovary: ovules 1 or Bin 
each cell, but only 1 ineach ovary maturing, pendulous. ana- 
tropous. Styles as many as cells of the ovary, terminally or 
longitudinally stigmatic. Fruit a 1l-seeded nut. Seed with- 
out albumen. Embryo straight, with small apical radical and 
large fleshy albumen. 
1 Quercus Involucres 1-flowered, becoming a cup. 
2 Castanopsis Involucre 1-5-flowered, becoming a prickly burr. 
QUERCUS L., Sp. 994. 
Trees or shrubs with alternate deciduous or evergreen leaves 
and small flowers. Staminate flowers numerous, in slender most- 
ly drooping aments subtended by caducous bracts. Calyx mostly 
6-lobed, campanulate. Stamens 6-12, with filiform filaments. 
Pistillate flowers with a mostly urn-shaped or oblong calyx, adnate 
to a 3-celled ovary: ovules 2 in each cell of the ovary, rarely more 
than one in each ovary maturing. Styles as many as cells of the 
ovary, short, erect or recurved. Fruit a solitary oblong, ovoid or 
subglobose coriaceous 1-seeded nut, called an acorn, subtended by 
or almost included in the more or less united bracts of the 
involucre. 
§ 1. Staminate aments naked, from the previous season’s bud 
or from the lower part of the present season’s shoots: pendulous: 
filaments not longer than the anthers. Pistillate flowers above 
the staminate aments, from the axils of young leaves: stigmas 
dilated. 
* Abortive ovules at the base or at the side of the seed: stamens 
5-10, usually 6-8 stigmas sessile or subsessile. 
+ Acorns maturing the first season, glabrous within. 
++ Leaves deciduous. 
Q. Garryana Dougl. Hook. Fl. ii, 159. A small shrub to a large tree, 
2-150 feet high, the trunk often 3 feet in diameter, with light-colored bark : 
branchlets rather rigid, tomentose: leaves 4-6 inches long by 2-5 inches 
wide, coarsely lobed, the lobes broad or sometimes acutish, entire or again 
notched or lobed, dull green on the upper s de, pale yellowish or whitish 
and strongly reticulated as well as somewhat pubescent beneath, on peti- 
oles 6-12 lines long: calyx lobes 7 or 8, linear-lanceolate, ciliate: anthers 
6-8: acorns sesfile or nearly so; cup shallow, its szales lanceolate, some- 
what pubescent, flat or tuberculate-thickened at base: nut oval to obovate- 
one. obtuse, about an inch long. Common from Brit. Columbia to 
alifornia. 
Q. Jacobi R. Br. Campst. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. 4th ser. vii 255. 
A middle-sized or large tree, branching from near the base and forming a 
compact head: trunk 1-3 feet in diameter, with rather thick fissured gray 
