612 FAGACEZ QUERCUS 
CASTANOPSIS 
tree 60-90 feet high and 1-6 feet in diameter, with rough black bark, the 
slender twigs soon glabrate: leaves deciduous, broadly oyal in outline, 
deeply sinuate-lobed, the lobes entire or coarsely lobed and slender-pointed, 
obtuse to subcordate at base, on petioles about an inch long, puberulent 
both sides, 4-7 inches long: acorns maturing the second season, mostly 
short-pedicelled, solitary or 2-4 together; cups an inch or less broad, with 
ovate-lanceolate obtusish imbricated scales, hemispherical, often very 
deep; nuts oblong, 12-16 lines long by 10-12 in diameter, Common on 
plains and hillsides from the Willamette Valley Oregon to California. 
§ 1 Aments erect persistent, pistillate at base and staminate 
above or entirely staminate. Filaments slender, many times 
longer than the very small anthers. Stigmas linear. Fruit ma- 
turing the same season. | 
. densiflora H. & A. Bot. Beech. 391. A middle-sized tree or shrub 
10-100 feet high with mostly smooth bark and tomentose branchlets: 
leaves oblong, acute, obtuse or rarely acute at base, entire with revolute 
margins or sometimes dentate, tomentose, especially beneath, at length 
glabrate and whitish beneath, 2-5 inches long, %-2 inches wide, on peti- 
soles 3-6 lines long: aments 4-6 inches long densely flowered, tomentose: 
flowers in glomerules of 3, supported by 3 bracts: calyx of 5 broad woolly 
lobes: anthers 10: acorns solitary or in short peduncled clusters: cups very 
shallow, 8-15 lines broad, covered with tinear rigid spreading or recurved 
scales, silky-tomentose inside: nuts oval or oblong, acute or obtuse, 12-18 
lines long, with very thick shell, densely tomentoseinside. Along streams 
southwestern Oregon to southern Caliiornia. 
5 CASTANOPSIS Spach. 
Trees or shrubs with coriaceous evergreen leaves and small 
monoecious flowers in axillary aments, the fruit maturing the 
following season. Staminate flowers in slender panicled aments 
upon the young shoots, with regular 5-6-lobed calyx and usually 
twice as many stamens. Pistillate flowers 1-3, in ascaly involu- 
cre, sessile at the base of the aments: lobes of the calyx 6, in 2 
rows. Styles usually 8. Ovary 3-celled, with 2 amphitropous 
ovules at the lower angle of each cell. Nuts 1-3, enclosed in the 
subglobose involucre which is densely covered with stout branch- 
ed prickles, at length bursting irregularly. Seed solitary. 
C. echrysophylla A. DC. Seem. Journ. Bot. i, 182. A shrub or mid- 
dle sized tree, 6-80 feet high: leaves lanceolate or oblong, 1-4 inches long, 
acuminate or only acuti-h, cuneate at base and shortly petioled, entire, 
glabrous, or sometimes scurfy, above, densely scurfy beneath with more 
or less yellow scales: aments 1-3 inches long, densely pubescent: styles 3, 
stout, glabrous, divergent: spines of the involucre 6-12 lines long, subver- 
ticillately many-branched: nuts usually solitary obtusely triangular, 6 
lines long. On dry hilisides, from the Columbia river to California. 
OrpER LXXXIX CORYLACE#. 
Small trees or shubs with alternate leaves and small flowers in 
axillary aments or clusters. Staminate flowers in aments, with- 
out floral envelopes each subtended by a scale-like bract: sta- 
mens several, with often divided filaments and distinct anther- 
cells. Pistillate flowers in short spikes, 2. to each bract, with 
