-VERATRUM MELANTHACEZ , 663 
STENANTHELLA 
flowers: segments of the perianth oblanceolate, ciliate-serrulate, 4-6 lines 
long, greenish-yellow, adnate to the attenuate base of the ovary: stamens 
2-3 lines long: ovary glabrous: capsule oblong-ovate, acute, 10-12 lines 
long, many-seeded: seeds 4-5 lines long. In damp woods in the high 
mountains, Oregon to Alaska and the Eastern States and Canada. 
VY. Californicum Durand Journ. Philad. Acad. iii, 103. ? Stems very 
stout, 3-10 feet high, very leafy: lower leaves broadly oval, 6-12 inches 
long, 4-8 inches wide ,obtuse to acute; the uppermost ones lanceolate, 
much reduced and bract-like: branches of the panicle slender, ascending: 
bracts ovate-lanceolate to subulate, shorter or several times longer than 
_ the pedicels: segments of the perianth greenish-white, lanceolate, obtuse, 
attenuate at base, 8-10 lines long, entire, or denticulate above, slightly ad- 
nate to the ovary: stamens 3-5 lines long: ovary glabrous: capsule an inch 
or more long. 1n swamps, Washington to California and Colorado. 
V. caudatum Heller Bull. Torr. Bot. Club xxvi, 588. by the descrip- 
tion dose not differ from the above except in glabrous leaves: it grows in 
wet meadows, Chehalis County, Washington. 
2 STENANTHELLA Rydberg Bull. Torr. Bot. Club xxvii, 530. 
Erect glabrous herbs with coated bulbs, few narrow leaves and 
perfect flowers in bracted racemes or panicles. Perianth of 6 dis- 
tinct lanceolate acuminate subequal marcescent segments without 
glands or distinct claw. Stamens 6, shorter than the perianth- 
segments and inserted on their bases, free. Anthers reniform, 
confluently 1-celled and peltate after opening. Ovary ovoid, su- _ 
perior. Styles 3. Capsule 3-beaked, septicidal to the base. 
Seeds oblong, winged. 
S. occidentalis Rydb. 1. c. 531. Stenanthium occidentale Gray. Bulb 
oblong-ovoid, 4-6 lines in diameter: stem slender, 10-20 inches high: leaves 
linear-lanceolate, acuminate, 6-12 inches long, 3-12 lines wide: raceme 
simple, or branched at base: bracts somewhat scarious, broadly lanceolate, 
acuminate, 3-12 lines long: pedicels slender, spreading or recurved, longer 
than the bracts: flowers campanulate, nodding: segments of the perianth 
brownish-purple, 6-8 lines long, oblong to lanceolate, acuminate, the tips 
spreading or recurved: capsule at length strictly erect, 6-8 lines long, 
attenuate into the elongated slender styles: seeds linear, flat, winged, 3-4 
lines long. On rocky banks and bluffs, Oregon to Brit. Columbia and Idaho. 
3 ZYGADENUS Michx. Fl. i, 213. (1803.) 
Erect herbs with coated bulbs, leafy stems, linear leaves and 
rather small white or yellowish flowers in terminal glabrous pan- 
icles or racemes. perianth of 6 distinct similar marcescent 
segments bearing 1 or 2 glands just above the narrowed base. 
Stamens free from the perianth-segments and about equalling 
them in length : anthers cordate or reniform, confluently 1-celled. 
Capsule 3-lobed and 3-celled, the cells not diverging, dehiscent 
to the base. seeds several or numerous in each cell, oblong or 
linear, angled. 
* Flowers rather large, mostly perfect. 
Z. elegans Pursh Fl. 241. Stem 6 inches to 3 feet high: leaves glau- 
cous, 2-6 lines broad: raceme simple, or sparingly branched below, often 
few-flowered : bracts ovate lanceolate, usually purplish: perianth adnate to 
the base of the ovary, its segments broad, oval or obovate, obtuse, 4-5 lines 
