670 VALLISNERIACEZ PHILOTRIA 
mately 5-10-nerved, each with a central cluster of 2-11 elongated rootlets. 
Common in still water throughout most parts of the world. 
OrpEeR CII] VALLISNERIACEA Dumort. Anal. Fam. 54. 
Submerged or floating aquatic herbs with various leaves and 
regular mostly dicecious flowers. Perianth 3-6-parted: the 
segments all petaloid, or the outer ones smaller and herbaceous, 
the tube adherent to the ovary at its base. Stamens 3-1¥, dis- 
tinct or monadelphous. Anthers 2-celled. Ovary 1-celled with 
3 parietal placente or 6-9-celled. Styles 3-9, with entire or 
2-cleftstigmas. IF ruitan indehiscent few—many-seeded utricle, 
ripening under water. 
1 PHILOTRIA Raf. Am. Month. Mag. ii, 175. 
Aquatic perennial herbs with leafy branched stems, numerous 
opposite or whorled sessile l-nerved leaves and small flowers in 
membranaceous spathes.. Flowers poygamo-diccious, solitary 
and sessile in an axillary spathe. Perianth small in the stamin- 
ate flowers with 3 scarcely united greenish sepals and as many 
narrow petals: the pistillate with greatly elongated filiform tube 
and 6-parted spreading limb. Stamens 3-9, with short filaments 
united at base. Ovary 1-celled, with 3 parietal placente, few- 
ovuled. Style coherent with the perianth-tube: stigmas 3, bifid 
oremarginate. Fruit a few-seeded utricle. 
P. Canadensis Britton"Science (II) ii, 5. Anacharis Canadensis Pl. 
Stems 4 inches to 3 feet. long, according to the debth of the water, much 
branched : leaves linear or elliptic, acute or obtuse, serrulate or entire, 2-7 
lines long, 1-2 lines wide: flowers axillary, the staminate minute, sessile, 
breaking off at the time of flowering and rising to the surface where they 
shed their pollen: pistillate flowers expanding on the surface of the water 
which they reach by the elongation of the slender tube which varies in 
length from 2-12 inches: stigmas spreading, papillose or pubescent. Com- 
mon in ponds, nearly throughout North America. 
OrpdER CIV NAIADACEZ) Lindl. Nat. Syst. ed. 2, 366. 
Aquatic herbs with slender often branching leafy stems, flat 
or filiform leaves and perfect, monoecious or dioecious flowers 
in axillary spikes or solitary or spadaceous. Perianth of 4seg- 
ments or a hyaJine envelope or wanting. Stamens 1-4, rarely 
more, distinct and hypogynous in the perfect flowers, solitary or_ 
connate in the sterile. Anthers extrorse, 1-2-celled. Ovaries 
1-6, distinct, or rarely connate, 1-celled, mostly l-ovuled. Fruit 
follicular or capsular or an indehiscent berry or utricle. Hm- 
bryo large, often curved. Albumen none. 
* Perianth membranaceous.and cup-shaped or none. 
+ Flowers moneecious ar dicecious: ovary solitary, sessile: stamen 1. 
1 Naias Stems slender, with opposite or ternate leaves: flowers dicecious’ 
solitary or clustered, axillary: perianth none in pistillate flowers, cup- 
shaped and mémbranaceous in staminate: style with 2-4 subulate 
stigmas 
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