682 JUNCACEX — JUNCUS 
loosely branching 1-3 inches long: perianth 144-244 lines long its segments 
lanceolate, acute, or the inner sometimes obtuse, brown with green midrib 
and hyaline margins: stamens 6, about 7 the length of the perianth: an- 
thers much longer than the filamants: capsule about as long as the peri- 
anth, pale to dark brown, narrowty ovoid, conspicuously mucronate: seeds 
usually with a loose coat. On shores of lakes and streams, Alaska to 
California and across the continent: also Europe and Asia. 
++ ++ Flowers in compound panicles, smaller: capsule obovate or 
subglobose. | ' 
J. effusus L. Sp. 326. Pale green or yellowish: stems densely tufted, 
3-4 feet high, from stout branching proliferous rootstocks: sheaths short or 
mere rudiments: spathe short, often not exceeding the erect, loosely flow- 
ered panicle: perianth 1-114 lines long, its segments green, lanceolate, acu- 
minate: stamens 3, the anthers shorter than the filaments: capsule obovoid, 
3-cleft, obtuse or retuse: seeds apiculate, finely ribbed, about 14 line long. 
Common in swamps and wet places in most parts of the world. 
Var. Brunneus Engelm. Panicie usually very short and compact: 
perianth and capsule dark brown. Near the coast, Oregon to California. 
J. patens Meyer Rel, Heenk. i, 141. Densely tufted, pale green: 
stems slender, 1-3 feet high: sheaths few, 1-4 inches long, acute: spathe 
slender, 4-6 inches long: panicle small, often compact and somewhat se- 
cund : periauth pale to light brown, its segments lanceolate, acuminate, 
about 134 lines long: stamens 6, the anthers shorter than the filaments: 
capsule subglobose, slightly angled, equalling or a little shorter than the 
perianth, with thin septa, the valves breaking away from the central pla- 
cent. In wet plces, Oregon and Washington to California. 
J. filiformis L. Sp. 326. Stems slender, 4 inches to 2 feet high many 
of them sterile and appearing like leaves, from stout matted rootstocks: 
sheaths purplish, obtuse, with a short bristle-like appendage: spathe usu- 
ally longer than the stem: panicle rather few-flowered, 6-12 lines high: 
segments of the perianth 114-134 line long, green with hyaline margins, 
narrowly lanceolate, acuminate: stamens 6, about half the length of the 
erianth: anthers shorter than the filaments: capsule obovoid, green. 
arely pointed, about 34 as long as the perianth, 3-celled: seeds oblong, 
about 144 line long, pointed, at each end. In marshes, Washington to 
Alaska andacross the continent. 
+ Low alpine perennials: flowers 1-3: stamens 6. 
J. Drummondii E. Meyer Ledeb. Fl. Ross. iv, 235. Cespitose: 
stems very slender, 10-16 inches high: sheaths green, obtuse, the inner 
ones bristle-tipped : spathe filiform, 6-12 lines long, equalling or exceeding 
the usually 3-flowered panicle: perianth-segments about 3 lines long, green 
with brown margins, lanceolate, acute, or acuminate: anthersa little longer 
than the filaments: capsule brown, oblong, retuse, nearly equalling the 
perianth: seeds a line long, ovate, caudate, very finely striate. On the 
highest mountains, California to Unalaska and the Rocky Mountains. 
J. Parryi Engelm. Trans. St. Lowis Acad. ii, 446. Cespitose: stems 
filiform, 3-10 inches high : inner sheaths leaf-bearing, the leaves suleate at 
base, terete above, much shorter than the stems: spathe longer than the 
inflorescence, 6-18 lines long: panicle loosely 1-3-flowered: perianth-seg- 
ments 3 lines jong or more, more or less tinged with brown, lanceolate, 
acuminate, or the inner obtuse: anthers much longer than the filaments: 
capsule oblong, acute, about equalling the perianth: seeds ovate, caudate, 
a line long, finely striate. On grassy slopes on the highest mountains, 
Brit; Columbia to California and the Rocky Mountains. 
J. ecastaneus Smith Fl. Brit. i, 383, Stems erect, 4-20 inches high, 
