JUNCUS JUNCACEA 683 
leafy, from slender rootstocks: leaves terete, deeply channelled at base: 
spathe longer than the inflorescence: heads 1-3, 3-12-flowered: perianth- 
segments brown or black, 2-4 lines long, lanceolate, acute: anthers pointed, 
half as long as the filaments: capsule brown, longer than the perianth, 
narrowly opiane. tapering to an acute summit, imperfectly 3-celled: seeds 
with long slender tails, the body about % line long. Oregon to Alaska 
and across the Continent. 
* * Stems leafy at base: leaves flat or semiterete, not knotted: 
panicle or head evidently terminal: the spathe usually short. 
+ Dwarf or low slender annuals with fibrous roots: stems leafy, 
branched. 
J. bufonius L. Sp. 328. Stems usually branching from the base, 1-12 
inches high: leaves very narrow, usually revolute and bristle-like: flowers 
greenish, mostly remote and secund upon the spreading branches: perianth- 
segments lanceolate, acuminate, with scarious margins, 2-3 lines long, the 
inner slightly shorter: stamens 6; anthers about as long as the filaments: 
capsule oblong, obtuse, shorter than the perianth: seeds ovate, obtuse, 
very finely striate and cross-lined. A common species everywhere, grow- 
ing in places that are wet in spring. 
J. triformis Engelm. |. c. 492. Stem very short.or almost none, 
bearing several erect filiform scape-like peduncles 1-3 inches long: leaves 
an inch long or less, filiform, channelled, flat above: flowers usually 3-7, 
in a small head: perianth brownish, its segments narrowly lanceolate, 
acuminate, 1-14 lines long, alittle longer than the 3 stamens and the 
obtuse apiculate capsule: style exserted, with elongated stigmas: seeds 
ovate, obtuse, finely ribbed and cross-lined. In barren places that are wet 
in spring, western Oregon to California. 
Var. brachystylus Engelm. 1]. c. Smaller, the peduncles 1-3-flow- 
ered: stamens half the length of the perianth; the oblong anthers shorter 
thanthe filaments: style and stigmas short, included. With the type. 
Var. uniflorus Engelm. 1. c. Very small, only half to an inch high, 
the solitary flowers mostly dimerous. Oregon to California. ; 
+ + Taller perennials: stems simple: stamens 6. 
++ Stems naked: flowers solitary in a diffuse or compact panicle, 
J. tenuis Willd. Sp. Pl. 214. Stems slender, erect, 1-2 feet high, 
leafy at base: leaves very narrow, flat or more or fess channelled or invo- 
lute, shorter than the stem: spathe exceeding the inflorescence: panicle 
usually loose and spreading: perianth-segments pale, narrowly lanceolate, 
acuminate, 114-2 lines long, spreading in fruit and equalling or exceeding 
the ovate retuse greenish capsule: seeds white-appendaged at each end, 
very we ed ribbed and cross-lined. In dry or moist soile, throughout most 
parts of North America. 
J. occidentalis Weigand Bull.“£Torr. Bot. Club xxvii, 521. J. tenuis 
ear. congestus Iingelm. Stems stiff and erect, 1-2 feet high, pale green, 
nearly terete; leaves 44-46 the length of the stem, flat and flexuous: 
spathe 2-3 inches long, exceeding the inflorescence: panicle glomerate, or 
more commonly somewhat open, fuscous: perianth-segments broadly subu- 
late, fuscous with green midrib and rather broad scarious margins: stamens 
about half as long as the perianth, the oblong anthers much shorter than 
the filaments: capsule oblong-ovoid, ‘obtuse or retuse, 34 as long as the 
perianth, fuscous, the placentz extending only about half-way to the axis: 
seeds oblong, irregularly apiculate at each end areolate-reticulated, not 
striate. Along ditches and in wet places, Oregon to California, 
J; econfusus Coville Proc. Biol. Soc. of Wash. x. 127. Densely tuft- 
