684 JUNCACE 4 JUNCUS 
ed, 7-30 inches high, erect: sheaths of the leaves with well developed 
ligules, the blades about 1 the length of the stem, flat, usually involute: 
spathe much longer than the inflorescence, usually involute: panicle con- 
gested into a turbinate cluster, an inch long: perianth-segments ovate- 
lanceolate, acute, brown with green midrib: stamens 6, the anthers shorter 
than the filaments: capsule oblong, equalling the perianth, retuse, com- 
letely 3-celled: seeds light brown. In meadows, eastern Washington to 
ontana and Colorado. ; 
++ ++ §tems more or less leafy ; the leaves fiat and grass-like, not 
equitant: flowers clustered. 
J. faleatus E. Meyer Reliq. Henk. 144. Bright green: stems slender, 
6-18 inches high, from slender stoloniferous rootstocks: leaves usually 
equalling or exceeding the stem, 1-2 lines wide, the open somewhat oblique 
sheaths without ligules: spathe short: heads usually 1-5, 1-10-flowered: 
perianth-segments brown with bright green midrib, 2-3 lines long, ovate, 
the outer shortly acuminate, the inner obtuse: anthers much shorter than 
the filaments: capsule ovate, obtuse, apiculate, as long or longer than the 
perianth, almost black, 3-celled: seeds oblong-ovate, obtuse, \4 line long, 
with loose pale testa, longitudinally reticulated. In springy places along 
mountain streams, California to Alaska. 
J. longistylis Torr. Bot. Mex. Bound. Surv. 223. Stems rather stout, 
1-2 feet high, from stout stoloniferous rootstocks: leaves 6-12 inches long, 
the sheaths with distinct ligules: spathe narrow, 2-4 inches long: heads 
5-20, in a sparingly branched panicle, few- to several-flowered: perianth- 
segments pale brown with green midrib and hyaline margins, about 3 lines 
long, lanceolate, acute or the outer ones acuminate: anthers much longer 
than the filaments: style about a line long: capsule brown, oblong, about 
half as long as the perianth, angled above, obtuse or depressed at the sum- 
mit, 3-celled: seeds light brown, 44 line long. In wet places. Washington 
to California. eta 
* ** Leafy-stemmed perennials: leaves terete or laterally flattened, 
more or less distinctly ‘knotted by internal partitions: flowers capitate. 
‘+ Leaves terete or only slightly compressed. 
J. Richardsonianus Schult. in R. & S. Syst. vi, 201. Stems erect, 
6-20 inches high, in loose tufts from creeping rootstocks, 1-2-leaved below 
the middle: panicle 3-8 inches high, its branches strict or slightly spread- 
ing: heads 3-12-flowered: perianth-segments unequal, the outer ones pale, 
obtuse, mucronate or acute; the inner ones shorter, obtuse, stamens 6; 
the anthers much shorter than the filaments: capsule ovoid-oblong, slight- 
ly exceeding the perianth, acute or obtuse, with a short tip: seeds about 
¥ line long, narrowly obovoid to oblong. apiculate, acute or acuminate at 
base. Idaho to Brit. Columbia and across the Continent. 
J. dubious Engelm. |. c. 459. Stems rather stout, 2-4 feet high, from 
stout horizontal rootstocks, several-leaved: leaves narrow, often equalling 
or exceeding the stem, the sheaths with scarious margins: panicle com- 
pound, diffuse, 3-12 inches long: heads numerous, 6-20-flowered : perianth- 
segments brown or brownish, about 2 lines long, lanceolate, acuminate: 
stamens 6, the anthers elongated, longer than the filaments: capsule nar- 
row, acuminate, shorter than the perianth: seeds ovate, rather abruptly 
acuminate at each end, brownish. In marshes, Oregon to California. 
J. nodosus L. Sp. 466. Stems slender, 6 inches to 2 feet high, arising 
singly from tuber-like thickenings of a slender rootstock: leaves narrow, 
the upper one often exceeding the inflorescence: panicle 1-3 inches long, 
bearing 1-30 spherical 8-20-flowered heads: perianth-segments usually 
reddish-brown above, lanceolate, acuminate, 144-174 line long, the inner 
