686 JUNCACE JUNCUS 
ligules: heads panicled few-flowered: perianth-segments straw-color, lan- 
ceolate, acuminate, scarious-margined, rough, 3 lines long:, stamens 6: 
caqsule triangular, oblong, acute, short-beaked. Common along streams, 
eastern Washington. 
+ + Stems compressed and usually acutely edged : leaves flattened 
latterally and equitant. 
J. ensifolius Wiks. Stems 8-20 inches high, leafy, from thick root- 
stocks: leaves equitant: headsseveral to numerous, panicled, globose, 
usually dark brown: perianth-segments lanceolate, acuminate 144 lines 
long: stamens 3: capsule 3-angled, acute, hardly exceeding the perianth. 
Common in wet places Brit. Columbia to California. 
J. xiphioides Meyer |. c. Stems rather stout, 1-4 feet high, from stout 
creeping rootstocks: leaves 2-3 lines wide, the sheaths without ligules: 
heads few to numerous, dense, 3-20-flowered, in a compound panicle: peri- 
anth-segments brownish to almost black, 14% lines long, lanceolate, acu- 
minate: stamens 6; anthers very small oblong-linear, equalling or much 
shorter than the filaments: capsule oblong, acute, about equalling the 
perianth : seeds very small, ovate-oblanceolate. A variable species : in wet 
places, California to Alaska. 
J. oxymeris Engelm. 1. c. 483. Stems stout, 2-4 feet high: leaves 2-3 
lines wide: panicle decompound, 4-8 inches long: heads small, very num- 
erous, 3-12-flowered : perianth-segments linear-lanceolate, acuminate-awn- 
ed, about 2 lines long: stamens 6; anthers twice as long as the filaments: 
capsule lanceolate, rostrate, longer than the perianth, 1-celled: seeds ovate- 
oblanceolate, 14 line long. In marshes, southern Oregon to California. 
J. Mertensianus Bong. Veg. Sitch. 167. Stems weak, 6-18 inches 
high, from matted rootstocks: leaves usually about a line wide; ligule 
conspicuous: inflorescence usually a single many-flowered head, 4-6 lines 
in diameter: perianth-segments very dark brown, ovate-lanceolate, the 
outer ones aristate-acuminate: stamens 6; anthers usually. mucronate ;as 
long or shorter than the filaments: capsule obovate, obtuse, about equal, 
equalling the perianth: seeds oblanceolate, apiculate at each end. In wet 
meadows on the highest mountains, California to Alaska and the Rocky 
Mountains. 
OrpeR CVIII CYPERACEAD J. St. Hil. Expos. Fam. i, 62. 
Perennial or annual herbs with rhizomatous rootstocks, tri- 
angular or terete mostly solid stems, alternate mostly radical 
leaves and small perfect, moncecious or dicecious flowers in the 
axils of imbricated glumaceous bracts or scales. Perianth none 
or represented by bristles or scales. Stamens usually 2 or 3, 
hypogynous, with basifixed anthers. Ovary 1-celled, with an 
erect anatropous ovule and a2-3-cleft style, in fruit a lenticular 
or more or less triangular membranaceous, crustaceous or bony 
achene. Embryo minute, lenticular or turgid, at the base of 
copious albumen. 
* Flowers of the spikelets all or at least one of them perfect: spike- 
lets all alike, few- to many-flowered, capitate or umbellate, one or two 
of the lower scales usually sterile. 
+ Spikelets more or less flattened, the scales being in two ranks: 
inflorescence involucrate. 
1 Cyperus Inflorescence spicate or clustered: perianth none: style 
persistent. 
