688 CYPERACEZ CYPERUS 
DULICHIUM 
obtuse, 2-4 lines long, many-flowered, densely capitate: scales oblong, pale 
green, 3-nerved, coarsely cellular, conduplicate, with a short sharp more or 
less recurved tip: stamens 1: style 3-cleft: achenes sharply 3-angled, gray, 
oblong, narrowed at each end, almost half as long as the scale. In moist 
sandy soil, California to Oregon and Illinois. 
C. esculentus L. Sp. 45. C. phymatoides Muhl. Perennial by scaly 
horizontal tuber-bearing rovtstocks: stems usually stout, 6-30 inches high: 
leaves bright green, as long or longer than the stem, 2-4 lines wide, the 
midrib prominent; those of the involucre much longer than the inflorescence: 
umbel 4-10-rayed, often compound: spikelets numerous, in loose spikes, 
straw-color or yellowish brown, flat, spreading, 6-12 lines long, mainy-flow- 
ered: scales ovate-oblong, subacute, 3-nerved: rachis narrowly winged: 
stamens 3: style 3-cleft: achenes obovoid, obtuse, 3-angled, In moist sandy 
fields, Alaska to California and the Atlantic States. 
C. erythrorhizos Muhl. Gram. 20. Stems tufted, stout or slender, 3 
inches to 2 feet high: leaves 1-4 lines wide, rough-margined, those of the 
involucre 2-7, some of them often 4 times as long as the inflorescence: umbel 
inostly compound, several-rayed: spikelets linear-subulate, 3-10 lines long, - 
less than a line wide, compressed, many-flowered, clustered in oblong nearly 
or quite sessile spikes: scales chestnut-brown, oblong-lanceolate, mucronulate, 
appressed, separating from the rachis at maturity: the membranous wings of 
the rachis separating as a pair of hyaline interior scales: stamens three: style 
three-cleft: achenes sharply 3-angled, oblong, pointed at both ends, pale, 4 
as long as the scale. In wet soil, Oregon to California and the Eastern 
States. ! 
C. Houghtoni Torr. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. iii, 277. Perennial by tuber” 
like corms: stems slender, erect, 1-2 feet high: leaves shorter than the stem» 
a line or less wide, smooth; those of the involucre 3-5, the longer much ex” 
ceeding the inflorescence: umbel simple, 1-5-rayed, the rays mostly short: | 
their sheaths 2-toothed: spikelets loosely capitate, linear, compressed, acute» 
4-8 lines long, about a line wide, 11-15-flowered, falling away from the axi§ 
when mature: chestnut brown, firm, somewhat spreading, shining, oblong, 
obtuse, truncate or apiculate: rachis very narrowly winged: stamens 3: style 
3-cleft: achene broadly oblong, 3-angled, brown, apiculate, nearly as long as 
the scale. In sandy soil, along the Columbia river to the Eastern States. 
2 DULICHIUM L. C. Richard Pers. Syn. i, 65. (1805.) . 
Tall perennial herbs with terete hollow jointed stems, leafy to 
the top, the lower leaves reduced to sheaths, flat grass-like leaves 
and perfect flowers in axillary simple or compound spikes. 
Spikelets flat, linear, many-flowered. Scales 2-ranked, carinate, 
conduplicate, decurrent on the joint below. Perianth of 6-9 re- — 
trorsely barbed bristles. Stamens 3. Style 2-cleft at the apex, 
persistent as a beak on the summit of the linear-oblong achene.. 
D. spathaceum Pers. Syn. i, 65, Stems: stout. 1-3 feet high, erect: 
leaves numerous, flat, 1-3 inches long, 2-4 lines wide: spikelets shorter. than 
or the uppermost exceeding the leaves: pedicels 2-12 lines long: spikelets — 
nalrowly linear, spreading. 6-12 lines long, about a line wide, 6-12-flowered: — 
scales lanceolate, acuminate, appressed, brownish: bristles of the perianth 
stiff, longer than the ackene: style long-exserted. In marshes Oregon to). 
Minnesota and Nova Scotia. 
