692 fd CYPERACEA ERIOPHORUM 
HEMICARPHA 
brown, minutely apiculate. In high mountain bogs, Washington to 
Alaska Newfoundland and Pennsylvania. — | 
E. Secheuchzeri Hoppe Taschenb. 1800, 104. Stems slender, smooth, 
nearly terete, 10-20 inches high, leafy below, often with a leafless sheath - 
' above: leaves filiform, channelled, usually much shorter than the stem: 
spikelet erect: scales ovate-lanceolate, long-acuminate, purple-brown, 
membranaceous: bristles numerous, white or slightly yellowish, weak, 
nearly straight, 4-5 times as long as the scale: achene narrowly oblong, 
brown, acute and somewhat beaked. In bogs, Oregon to Alaska and 
Newfoundland. 
E. russeolum Fries Novet. Mant. ii, 67. Stems solitary or little 
. tufted, triangular, smooth, 8-20 inches high, leafy at base, bearing an in- 
flated mucronate sheath above: leaves filiform, triangular, channelled, 
mucronate, 1-4 inches long: spikelet erect: scales ovate-lanceolate, acu- 
minate, thin, purplish-brown with narrow white margins: bristles numer- 
ous, bright reddish brown, an inch or more long: achene oblong, narrowed 
at each end, apiculate. In marshes, Oregon to Alaska and Newfoundland. 
* * Spikelets several, subtended by a 1-4-leaved involucre. 
E. polystachyon L, Sp. 52. Stems stiff, smooth, triangular above, 
nearly terete below, 1-3 feet high, leafy: leaves flat, shorter than the stem, 
1-4 lines wide, tapering to a triangular rigid point: involucre of 2-4 leaves, 
commonly equalling or exceeding the inflorescence: spikelets 3-12, ovoid 
or oblong, nodding, in a terminal more or less compound umbel; rays 
filiform: scales ovate-lanceolate, acute, or acuminate, purple-green or 
brown: bristles numerous, bright white, about an inch long: achenes ob- 
ovoid, obtuse, light brown. In bogs, Oregon to Alaska and the Atiantic 
States: also in Europe and Asia. 
E. gracile Koch Roth. Catal. Bot. ii, 259. Stems slender, obtusely 
3-angular, rough on the angles, 1-2 feet bigh, leafy: leaves narrowly linear, 
about a line wide, triangular-channelled, rough-margined, shorter than 
the stem: involucre commonly ofa single stiff erect leaf: spikelets 3-8, 
capitate or subumbellate, the longer-peduncled ones drooping: scales ovate 
or oblong, obtuse or subacute, greenish-brown, the midrib rather strong: 
bristles numerous, bright white, 8-12 lines long: achenes linear-oblong, 
acute, pointed. In bogs, California to Alaska and across the Continent: 
also in Hurope and Asia. 
5 HEMICARPHA Nees & Arn. Edinb. New Phil. Journ. xvii, 263. 
Low or dwarf setaceous annuals with flattened stems, somewhat 
leafy at base, linear leaves and 1-3 small spikelets sessile in an 
inyolucrate cluster. Scales spirally imbricated all around, de- 
ciduous. Flowers perfect. Perianth of a single hyaline scale 
between the rachis and the flower. Stamens 1-3. Style 2-cleft, 
deciduous, not enlarged at base. Achenes oblong, turgid or 
lenticular. 
H. subsquarrosa Nees in Mart. Fl. Bras. ii, Pt. 1, 61. Stems tufted, 
numerous, 1-6 inches high, with brown sheaths at base: leaves 1 or 2, very 
short, filiform: principal involucral bract continuous with the stem, 6-12 
lines long, the others much smaller or wanting: spikes 1-3, brownish, 
ovate, 1-144 lines long: scales numerous, cuneate-obovate, shortly acumin- 
ate and slightly spreading at the tip or erect, 14 line long, little exceeding 
the obtuse nutlet. In moist sandy soil, Washington to Brazil and the 
Atlantic States. 
H. occidentalis Gray Proc. Am. Acad. vii, 391. Stems filiform, 1-2 
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