698 . CYPERACE AD CAREX 
~§ 1 Arrate# Kuntz Enum. PI. ii, 431. Mostly alpine or 
boreal species. Terminal spikes club-shaped and androgynous 
with the staminate flowers below: pistillate spikes mostly short 
and dark colored. 
C. alpina Swartz Lilj. Sv. Fl, ed. 2,26. Stems slender, erect, rough 
above, leafy only below the middle, 6 inches to2 feet high, leaves roughish, 
shorter than or equaling the stem: spikes 2-4, clustered at the summit, the 
terminal 1 or 2 staminate below, oblong or globose, 2-5 lines long, sessile 
or the lower peduncled: perigynia oval, orbicular or ovoid, light green, 
about a line long, tipped with a very short minutely 2-toothed béak, 
equaling or shorter than the ovate black or purple-brown, obtuse or acut- 
ish scale: stigmas 5. In rocky places, Oregon to Colorado, James Bay and 
Lake Superior; also in Europe. . 
C. Mertensii Prescott Bong, Veg, Sit. 168. Stems erect, rather slender, 
2-3 feet high, rough on the very sharp angles, leafy: leaves broad and flat, 
shorter than the stem: bracts leaf-like the lower exceeding the stem: 
spikes 5-8, an inch or two long, very densely flowered, all more or less 
staminate at base, the upper one conspicuously so, all drooping, on filiform 
scabrous peduncles: perigynia very flat, broadly ovate, winged, very thin 
in texture, green or whitish, much longer and wider than the purple white- 
ribbed scale: Along streams, mostly high mountain streams, Oregon, to 
Alaska and Montana. 
C. tGmelini Hook, Bot. Beech. 118.t. 27. Stems slender, erect, 1-3 feet 
high, leaves erect, 1-2 lines wide: spikes 2-4, short ani thick, peduncled, 
awn of the scales hispid: perigynia ferruginous, smooth, Oregon to Alaska 
and Siberia. 
C. fusea All. Fl. Ped. 11, 269. Slender, stiff, erect, sharp-angled rough 
above 2-3 feet high: leaves rough, erect 1-2 lines wide, shorter than or 
sometimes exceeding the stem: spikes 2-4, oblong or cylindric, erect. all 
sessile, and close together or the lowest sometimes distant and very short 
peduncled, 4-8 lines long, about 4 lines in diameter when mature, the 
terminal one staminate at base or sometimes throughout: scales ovate 
awn-tipped black or dark brown with green midvein, perigynia elliptic or 
or somewhat obovate flat, ascending, a line long, very light green, beakless 
the apex minutely 2-toothed, shorter than the scales, stigmas 3. In bogs. 
California to Alaska and the Eastern states, also in Europe. 
§ 2 Riemm Fries Summa. 72. Mostly _ stiff and rigid 
with short and erect very closely flowered spikes, the terminal 
one entirely staminate and purple or black. Bracts with auricu- 
late base. 
C. heteroneura W. Boott Bot. Cal. ii, 239. Stemsslender erect 1-2 
feet high, sharply angled: leaves narrow, flat, shorter than the stem, 
lower bract leaf-like, nearly as long as the stem, sheathless: pistillate 
spikes about a half inch long, 8 lines thick, sessile or the lower ones very 
short peduncled, more or less contiguous, whitish or yellowish: perigynia 
oval, smooth, straw color, thin in texture, narrowed abruptly into a very 
short slightly emarginate beak, longer and broader than the obtuse or 
oe purple white-ribbed scale. In the mountains California to 
Idaho. 
C. Raynoldsii Dewey Sill. Journ. xxxii, 39. Stems 6-18 inches high, 
sharply angled: leaves glaucous, 3-4 lines broad, flat, with revolute mar- 
gins rather abruptly tapering to a triangular apex, shorter than the stem; 
spikes 3-6, oblong or obovoid, the staminate 4-9 lines long, sessile; pistil- 
late 6-8 lines long, 3-4 lines thick, sessile or short peduncled, contiguous 
