CAREX CYPERACE ; 709 
C. macrocephala Willd. in Herb, Spring. Syst iii, 808. Stems stout, 
3-angled, 4-12 inches high, from long running rootstocks: leaves stiff, 1-4 
lines wide, rough on the margins, as long or longer than the stem: spikes 
densely aggregated into an oblong or ovate bead 1-3 inches long by 1-144 
inches thick, subtended by slender bracts: perigynia 6-8 lines long, 2 lines 
or more thick, ovate from a truncate base, produced above into a subulate 
deeply 2-toothed beak nearly as long as the body, the angles conspicuosly 
margined with dentate wings, longer than the ovate acuminate scales. On 
sandy banks along the coast of Oregon and Washington. 
C. stipata Muhl. Willd. Sp. Pl. 233. Stems smooth, erect, 1-3 feet 
high: leaves flat, 3-4 lines wide, shorter than the stem, the upper ones 
sometimes exceeding the spike: bracts, bristle-like or wanting: spikes 
numerous, yellowish, crowded into an oblong cluster 1-4 inches long, the 
lowest sometimes branched: staminate flowers few, always terminal: peri- 
gynia lanceolate, 2-214 lines long, about a line thick at the base, gradually 
tapering into a rough flattened 2-toothed beak 1-2 times as long as the 
body, longer than the ovate or lanceolate acuminate hyaline scale. Com- 
mon in wet places. Brit. Columbia to California and across the continent. 
§ Mouttirtor® Kunth Enum, PI. ii, 387. Heads various, 
mostly loosely flowered, sometimes panicled, yellow or tawny. 
Spikes short. Staminate flowers sometimes occupying whole 
spikes in the middle or at the apex of the head.  Perigynia 
mostly small and short, nearly nerveless in some species, becom- 
ing nearly lanceolate and more or less prominently nerved, firm 
in texture. 
C. Gayana Desv.. Fl. Chile, 205. Stems 1-2 feet high, scabrous: leaves 
1-2 lines wide, shorter than the stem: spikes aggregated into an oblong or 
ovoid head 6-10 lines long by 4-7 lines thick, dicecious or nearly so: scales 
membranous, chestnut color with hyaline margins, ovate, acuminate, cari- 
nate, cuspidate: perigynia chestnut color, broadly ovate, cordate, stipitate 
at base, tipped with a minute conical beak with an entire orifice, shorter 
than the scale. Idaho to Colorado. . 
C. marcida Boott Hook. FI. ii, 212, t. 213. Stems slender, 1-2 feet 
high, scabrous: leaves a line wide, shorter than the stem: heads 8-15 
lines long, 3-5 lines thick, sometimes nearly diccious. dull brown, com- 
sed of many ovate crowded or contiguous closely imbricated spikes 2-3 
ines wee by a line thick, the lower compound, the upper simple: perigynia 
nearly black at maturity, orbicular with a short, or ovate with a longer, 
bidentate beak, stipitate, equalling the ovate acute or cuspidate hyaline- 
margined scale. In meadows, California to Brit. Columbia and Colorado. 
_ Var. debilis Bailey Proc. Am. Acad. xxii, 136. Small and slender, 
_ afoot or less high, the stems mostly exceeding the very narrow leaves: 
to Sega smaller and more contracted at base. Along streams, eastern 
regon. 
C. teretiuscula Goodn. Trans. Linn. Soc. ii, 163. Stems slender, 
erect or reclining, very rough, at least above, 1-2 feet long: leaves mostly 
less than a line wide, shorter than or sometimes equalling the stem: spikes 
several or numerous, staminate above, in a narrowly oblong compact or 
interrupted terminal cluster 1-2 inches long: perigynia ovate, smooth, dark 
brown, slightly more than half a line long,.truncate or rounded at base, 
tapering into a flat conic beak about as long as the body, about equalling 
the ovate brownish acute or short-awned pi 1n swamps and wet mead- 
ows, Idaho to Brit. Columbia and Hudson Bay. 
Var. prairea Britton. Clusters of spikes compound, branched, the 
