730 ‘-GRAMINEZ MUHLENBERGIA 
CALAMAGROSTIS 
ligules about one half line long, erose-truncate: leaves, 2-5,inches long, 
1-3 lines wide. scabrous: panicle 1-5 inches long, usually dense and inter- 
rupted, the branches 6-12 lines long, erect or appressed: empty glumes 
acuminate including the awn 2-3 lines long: flowering glumes % as long 
as the outer ones, acuminate the strongly scabrous midrib excurrent as a 
short. .point. In wet places, eastern Washington to Brit. Columbia and 
the Eastern States. Maes 
M.. sylvatica Torr. Fl. U. 8.87. Stems 1-3 feet high, erect, branched, 
smooth or sometimes scabrous: sheaths smooth or slightly scabrous, those 
of the stem shorter than the internodes: ligules about one-half line long, 
erose-truncate: leaves 2-7 inches long, 1-3 lines wide, rough: panicle 3-7 
inches long, somewhat lax, the branches 1-3 inches long, erect or ascend- 
ing: empty glumes 1144-1% line long, awn-pointed, scabrous: flowering 
glume equalling or exceeding the outer ones, strongly scabrous, attenuate 
into a slender awn 2-4 times as long as the body. In moist woods and 
along streams Idaho to the Eastern States. “ 
Var. setiglumis Watson Bot. King 378. Stems 1 foot high, nearl 
erect: panicle contracted, the branches solitary and densely fowneent: 
empty glumes attenuate into a scabrous bristle, 2-3 lines long; the flower- 
ing glume with its long awn about twice longer. In the mountains, 
eastern Washington to Nevada. bce 
M. comata Benth. Vasey Cat. Grasses U. S. 39. Stems slender, 
erect, 12-18 inches high, smooth: sheaths shorter than the internodes, 
smooth or slightly scabrous: ligules about one-half line long, truncate, 
naked or minutely ciliate: leaves 2-5 inches long, 1-2 lines wide, erect, 
flat, rough: panicle 2-4 inches long, dense, its branches 6-18 lines long, 
erect: empty glumes equal or the upper one a little the longest, smooth, 
scabrous on the keel: flowering glume shorter than the outer ones, smooth, 
bearing an awn 2-3 times its length. basal hairs silky, erect, fully as long 
as the glumes, On prairies, eastern Oregon to California and Coloradnt 
16 CALAMAGROSTIS Adans. Fam. Pl. ii, 31. 
Mostly perennial grasses with flat leaves and paniculate inflor- 
escence. Spikelets one-flowered, the rachella usually prolonged 
beyond the flower and pubescent. Empty glumes membranous, 
carinate: flowering glume hyaline, shorter than the empty ones, 
obtuse, usually copiously hairy at base, sometimes the hairs 
scanty or short, and bearing a dorsal awn. Palet shorter than 
the glume, two-nerved. Stamens 3. Styles short, distinct, with 
plumose stigmas. Grain free, enclosed in the glume. ito 
C. Howellii Vasey Bot Gaz. vi, 271. Densely tufted perennial: stems 
10-20 inches high, erect or somewhat geniculate below, smooth: sheaths 
smooth, shorter than the internodes: .ligules 1 line or more long, often 
lacerate at the obtuse or acutish apex: radical leaves numerous, loosely 
- involute, erect, nearly equalling or exceeding the stems, persistent and 
green for several years: panicle 3-4 inches long, its branches spreading in 
flower, soon erect, the lower 6-18 lines long; empty glumes 2-3 lines long, 
nearly equal, lanceolate, acute, strongly keeled, the. mid-rib prolonged into 
a short awn: flowering glume slightly shorter than the outer ones ovate- 
lanceolate, acute, the apex with 2 mucronate pointéd teeth, the strong awn 
inserted about the lower third, half an inch long: palet shorter than its 
lume: basal hairs about half as long as the flower. On cliffs along the 
Columbia river near the Cascades. 
C. purpurascens R. Br. Richards. App. Frankl Journ, 131. ‘Rather 
rigid. cespitose. perennial; stems. erect, simple, smooth and shining, or 
