HOLCUS GRAMINEA® 747 
MUNROA 
perfect, the upper staminate. Glumes 4, the two lower empty, 
membranous, keeled, the first 1-nerved, the second 3-nerved and 
often short-awned. Flowering glumes chartaceous, that of the 
upper flower bearing ashort awn. Palet narrow, 2-keeled. Sta- 
mens 3. Styles distinct, with plumose stigmas. Grain oblong, 
free, enclosed in the glume. 
H. wanatus L. Sp. 1048. Light green, densely and softly pubescent 
stems 144-214 feet high, erect, often decumbent at base, simple: sheaths 
shorter than the internodes: ligules 44-1 line long: leaves 1-6 inches long, 
2-6 lines wide: spikelets 2 lines long: empty glumes about 2 lines long, 
white villous, the upper awn-pointed : flowering glumes 1 line long, smooth, 
glabrous and shining, the lower sparsely ciliate on the keel, somewhat ob- 
tuse, the upper 2-toothed and bearing a hooked awn just below the apex. 
Common in meadows and waste places: introduced from Europe. 
Tribe 4 Festucacex. Spikelets two- to several-flowered, usually 
hermaphrodite, pedicellate;in panicles or racemes, the former some- 
times dense and spike-like. Flowering glumes usually longer than 
the empty ones, awnless or with one to several mostly straight awns 
which are either terminal or borne just below the apex. 
33 MUNROA Torr. Pac. R. Rep. iv, 158. (1856.) 
Low diffusely branched grasses with flat. pungently pointed 
leaves and few flowers in panicles. Spikelets in clusters of 3-6. 
nearly sessile in the axils of the floral leaves, 3-5-flowered, the 
flowers all perfect. Glumes 5-7, the two lower empty, lanceolate, 
acute, 1-nerved, hyaline. Flowering glume larger, 3-nerved, one 
or two empty ones above the flowering ones. Palets hyaline. 
Stamens 3. Styles distinct, elongated: stigmas barbellate or short- 
plumose. Grain free, enclosed in the glume and palet. 
M. squarrosa Torr. 1. c. Stems 2-8 inches long, tufted, erect, decum- 
bent or prostrate, much branched: sheaths short, crowded at the nodes 
and at the ends of the branches, smooth, pilose at the base and throat, 
sometimes ciliate on the margins: ligules aring of hairs: leaves 1 inch. 
long or less, 1-6 lines wide, rigid, scabrous: spikelets 2-5-flowered, the flow- 
ers perfect : empty glumes 1-nerved: flowering glumes 2-244 lines long, lon- 
ger than the eee ones;-3-nerved, the nerves excurrent and forming 8 teeth 
or awns, with tufts of hairs about the middle: palets obtuse. On dry 
plains, eastern Oregon to Alberta and Texas. 
34 PHRAGMITES Trin. Fund. Agrost. 134. 
Pall perennial grasses with broad flat leaves and very numerous 
flowers in ample panicles. Spikelets 3- to several-flowered, the 
first flower often staminate, the others perfect.- Rachella articu- 
lated between the flowering glumes, long-pilose. Two lower 
_ glumes empty, unequal, membranous, lanceolate, acute, shorter 
than the spikelet, the third glume empty or. subtending a stamin- 
ate flower. Flowering glumes glabrous, narrow, long-acuminate, 
much exceeding the short palets. Stamens 3. Styles distinct, 
short. Stigmas plumose, Grain free, loosely enclosed in the 
palet and glume. . 
P. communis Trin. ]..c. Stems stout, .3-15 feet high, erect, from long 
