PANICULARIA GRAMINEA 753 
Palets scarcely shorter than the glumes, rarely longer, 2-keeled. 
Stamens 2 or 3. Styles distinct, with plumose stigmas. Grain 
smooth, enclosed in the glume and partly free, or when dry 
slightly adhering to the palet. 
P. fluitams Kuntze Rev. Gen. Pl. 782. G. jfluitans R. Br. Stems 
2-5 feet high, erect: stout, simple smooth, often rooting from the lower nodes: 
sheaths loose, generally longer than the internodes smooth or rough: ligules 2-3 
lines long: leaves 5-12 inches long, 2-6 lines wide scabrous: often floating: 
panicle 9-18 inches long; the lower branches at first appressed, later ascending 
3-6 inches long: spikelets linear, 7-13-flowered, 4-12 lines long: empty glumes 
unequal, 1-nerved, the lower acute or obtuse, the upper obtuse or truncate. In 
water and bogs, California to Alaska and across the continent. 
P. borealis Nash Bull. Torr. Bot. club xxiv, 348. Stems weak, erect, 
glabrous, 114-3 feet high: sheaths loose, longer than the internodes: leaves 4-10 
inches long, pale green, nearly smooth: panicle lax, 7-15 inches long, the 
branches single or in pairs usually short and erect: spikelets linear, 5—7 lines 
long: flowering glumes very thin, 144-2 lines long, 7-nerved, the nerves min- 
utely hispid. In shallow ponds, eastern Washington to California and the 
Eastern States. 
P. nervata Kuntze !.c. G. nervata Trin. Stems slender, erect, 1-3 
feet high, simple, smooth: sheaths shorter than the internodes, usually more 
or less rough: ligules 44 line long, truncate: leaves 6-12 inches long, 2-5 lines 
wide, acute, smooth beneath, rough above: panicle 3-8 inches long, open, the 
filiform branches spreading, ascending or often drooping, rarely erect, the lower 
ones 2-5 inches long: spikelets 3-7-flowered, 1-114 lines long: empty glumes 
obtuse, 1-nerved; flowering glumes about % line long, obtuse or rounded at the 
apex, With 7 sharp distinct nerves and evident furrows between them. Com- 
mon in wet places and along streams, California to Alaska and across the 
continent. 
P. pallida Kuntze 1. c. 783. Pale green, stems 1-3 feet long, assurgent, 
simple, smooth: sheaths loose, shorter than the internodes, ligules 2-3 lines long, 
acute: leaves 2-6 inches long, 1-2 lines wide, smooth beneath, rough above: 
panicle 2-7 inches long, the branches erect or ascending, often flexuous, 1-2 
inches long: spikelets 4-8-flowered, 244-36 lines long: empty glumes unequal, 
the first 1-nerved, obtuse, shorter than the 3-nerved and truncate second one: 
flowering glumes 134-144 lines long, truncate and denticulate at the apex, 
sharply and distinctly 7-nerved, with plain furrows between the nerves. In 
shallow water, Washington to Indiana and New Brunswick. 
P. pauciflora Kuntze l.c. G. pauciflora Presl. Stems stout, 2-4 
feet long: sheaths nearly smooth, loose, usually longer than the internodes 
ligules rounded or more often lacerate 2-3 lines long: leaves 6-15 inches long: 
- 8-9 lines wide: panicle 5-8 inches long, somewhat contracted and flexuous 
or at length loose and open, usually purplish, its branches hispid, 4 inches long 
or less: spikelets 5-7-flowered, 2-3 lines long: empty glumes less than half as 
long as the flowering ones, the first vvate, denticulate, near the subacute apex, 
smooth, 1-nerved ¥ line long; the second erose at the rounded apex, 3-nerved, 
nearly 1 line long: flowering glumes broadly oblong, erose at the rounded scari- 
ous apex, hispidulous on the keel, prominently 5-nerved, 1-114 lines long: 
palet oblong, emarginate, slightly pubescent on the 2 keels, nearly equalling 
the glume In shallow water or wet places, California to Alaska and Colorado. 
P. Americana MacM. Met. Minn. 81. Stems stout, erect, simple, 
smooth, 3-5 feet high: sheaths loose, smooth or somewhat rough: ligules 1-2 
lines long, truncate: leaves 7-12 inches long, 3-8 lines wide, usually smooth 
beneath, rough above: panicle 8-16 inches long, its branches spreading, ascend- 
