en 
FESTUCA GRAMINEZ 767 
sterile shoots numerous, about half as long as the stem; those of the stem 
2-8, erect, involute, 2-3 inches long: panicle erect, open 3-5 inches long, its 
branches mostly in pairs, the lower 44-2 inches long: spikelets brownish red, 
linear-lanceolate, 4-7 lines long, 4-8-flowered: empty glumes unequal, the 
first lanceolate, acute, 2 lines long, the second a line longer; acuminate, 
flowering glumes linear-lanceolate, 5-nerved, 244-3 lines long, palets lanceo-' 
a aoe below and on the keels. On the highest peaks of the Cascade 
ountains. 
F.. evation L. Sp. 75. .A tufted perennial: 2-6 feet high, often with 
short creeping rootstock: sheaths smooth, shorter than the internodes: 
ligules short: leaves of the stem 2-4, flat, 6-10 inches long, 2-3 lines wide: 
panicle contracted after flowering, 4-10 inches long: its branches mostly 
in pairs, the longest 3-5 inches long: spikelets linear-oblong, 6-11-flowered, 
6-8 lines long: empty glumes lanceolate, the first 144 line long, the second 
a little longer; flowering-glumes oblong, acute, scabrous toward the tip. 
rarely awned, 5-neryed, 244-3 lines long: palets linear, scabrous on the 
keel. Common in meadows and waste places: introduced from Europe. 
F. Jonesii Vasey 1. c. 278. A densely tufted, perennial: stems erect, 
8-4 feet high: sheaths usually scabrous, shorter than the internodes: 
ligules less than a line long: radical leaves numerous, about half as long as 
the stem; those the stem 3-4, flat or involute, 5-15 inches long, 2-4 lines 
wide: panicle slender, open, 7-15 inches long, its capillary flexuous bran- 
ches single or in pairs the lowest remote, 3-5 inches long: spikelets narrow, 
3-5-flowered, 5-6 lines long: flowering glumes scabrous, linear-lanceolate, 
2-3 lines long, 3-5-nerved: awns slender, 3-7 lines long: palets linear- 
lanceolate: stamens 3. Oregon to Brit. Columbia and Idaho. 
F. brevifolia R. Br. Parry first Voy. Suppl. 280. A densely tufted 
perennial: stems rigid, 2-5 inches high: sheaths shorter than or equalling 
the internodes? leaves of sterile shoots setaceous, 1-3 inchés long, those of 
the stem short or almost obsolete: panicle dense, linear, simple, racemose, 
2-3 lines long; spikelets elliptical, 3 lines long, 1-4-flowered: empty glumes 
scarcely equal, the second broadly lanceolate: flowering glumes 1-2 lines 
long, elliptical’ tatioaolate, keeled above: awn 1 lineor less long: palets 
oblong, acute, 2-toothed. On high mountains eastern Oregon to Alaska 
and the Rocky Mountains. 
F. ovina L. Sp. 73. A densely tufted perennial: stems slender, erect, 
rigid, simple, 6-20 inches high: sheaths usually crowded at the base of the 
stems: ligules short: leaves filiform or setaceous, those of the stem few, 1-3 
inches long, erect, the basal ones numerous: panicle 1-3 inches long, of- 
ten secund, narrow, its branches short, usually erect or appressed: spike- 
lets 3-5-flowered: empty glumes unequal, acute, the first 1-nerved, the 
second 3-nerved ; flowering glumes 14-2 lines long, smooth, acute, usually 
short-awned. On plains and rocky slopes in various forms, Mexico to 
Alaska and across the continent: also Europe and Asia. | 
Var. duriuscula Hack. Monog. Fest. Eu. 89. F. duriuscula L. 
Stems taller and stouter, panicle usually more open: flowering glumes 
about 3 lines long. Oregon to Alaska and the Rocky Mountains: also in 
- Europe. 
Var. polyphylia Vasey, Beal 1. c. 597. Stems 24¢-3 feet high, 
grooved below the panicle: leaves of sterile shoots numerous; sheaths split 
for most of their length: panicle open, 4-8 inches long; spikelets linear- 
lanceolate, 5-flowered: the second glume ovate-lanceolate 3-nerved. 
flowering glumes slender 3-31 lines long. Oregon. 
Var. ingrata Hack. in herb. Beal 1. c. 598. Stems 20-30 inches 
high; leaves of sterile shoots scabrous, 8-10 inches long; those of the stem 
8-5 inches long; panicle 4—6 inches long: its branches in pairs or single 
the longest about 2 inches long; spikelets 6-8-flowered: the second glume 
