i i Ee ee 
TAXUS TAXACEE 781 
lines long, tipped with an awn 5-6 lines long, sometimes with 2 very short 
lateral awns: flowering glumes lanceolate, smooth at the base, scabrous 
above, bifid, bearing a divergent awn 144-2 inches long. Bars of Snake 
river at Wawawai, Washington. 
S. Brodiei Piper 1. c. Stems erect, 114-2 feet high: leaves stiff, 
smooth on both sides, involute, 5-7 inches long: spike pale green, long- 
exserted, erect, 244-314 inches long: empty glumes. subulate, entire, 4 
lines long, bearing an awn 6 lines long: flowering glumes lanceolate, dense- 
i. appressed-pubescent, 6 lines long, rarely with 2 short lateral awns. 
ishop’s Bar, Snake river, Washington. 
Crass 2, GYMNOSPERMZ. 
Moneecious or diwcious trees or shrubs, mostly evergreen, © 
with usually rigid needle-like, subulate, or scale-like leaves. 
Ovules naked upon a scale, bract or disk, or within a more or 
less open perianth. 
SYNOPTICAL KEY. 
110 Taxacex Dicecious evergreens: flowers solitary and axillary: ovule 
sontery in fruita-bony seed within a fleshy envelope or cup-shaped 
isk. 
111 Pinacew Mostly monecious and evergreen trees or shrubs: staminate 
flowers in aments: pistillate flowers in scaly aments becoming cones or 
berry-like, ovules 2 or more at the base of each scale. 
Onver 110° TAXACEA Lindl. Nat, Syst. ed. 2, 316. 
Sparingly resinous trees or shrubs with scattered, in ours ever- 
green, linear leaves spreading in 2 ranks and dicecious axillary 
and solitary flowers achlamydeous and naked or surrounded 
by the imbricated and usually decussate bud-scales. Staminate 
flowers with the filaments monadelphous in a column, each fila- 
ment surmounted by several more or less united pendent an- 
ther-cells, dehiscing longitudinally on the lower side, Pollen 
globose. Pistillate flowers of a solitary orthotropous ovule 
_ which in fruit becomes a bony-coated seed raised upon or more 
- or less surrounded by or consolidated with a fleshy disk, cup or 
‘other coating. Embryo axile, in fleshy or farinaceous albumen. 
Cotyledons only 2, semiterete. 
1 TAXUS L. Sp. 1040. 
Trees or shrubs with evergreen spirally arranged short-pointed 
linear flat mucronate leaves, spreading so as to appear 2-ranked, 
and axillary and solitary sessile or subsessile very small aments. 
Staminate aments consisting of a few scaly bracts and 5-8 
stamens, their filaments united to the middle: anthers 4—6-celled. 
Ovules solitary, axillary, erect, subtended by a fleshy annular 
disk, which is bracted at the base. Fruit consisting of the fleshy 
disk which becomes cup-shaped, red and nearly encloses the bony 
seed. 
T. brevifolia Nutt. Sylva iii, 86 t. 108. A tree 20-90 feet high, by 
