PIXE FAMILY 15 



Yi<A't\-iy}njl<i, rarely yelkw; cones oblong, 5-10 cm. long; s<."dihifi obovate, narrowed 

 at lij'. ba.v;. more than twice a« long a« the bracte, ^, s^ubalinrM EugeliQ. SubaJu- 

 FiNfc j-itt, Bau«am. Hubal{jUi« mountaiiifi: Alta. — X.M. — Ariz. — Ore. — Alaska. 



3. A. }i.r\zoidcd^ Merriain, A tree about 15 fli. high; trunk 2-4 dm. in diajn- 

 nU'.i, \jixtk of tlxe fct'.'iij v.ini'uih, corky, elastic, irregularly ridg<*(i; that of the 

 braij';.'-: utfMjtii and v.nh rehin-blifct^rs; leaves of the lower branch^ 2.5-3 cm. 

 Ioij;- jv notcheid at the apex; thotse of the cone-bearing branches 2 cm. 



) ■ : i,'j>-jx*int«ed; pistillate flowers purple; oom^ oblong, about 5 cm. long; 

 .•aufcversely roundwi-oval, nearlv twic« as long as the bracts. Aki^oka 

 iiALrtAU. iiiiiji j/iountaiiis: Ariz. — g Colo. — X.M. ^<Jxdp. 



i. A. grandis LindL A tree 75-100 m. high, with a trunk oft«n 12 dm. 

 thick; bark of old tre»aj 5 cm. thick, shallowly fijisured and scaly; twi^ yellowigh 

 gr'5<.'ij, j;ub"rul'^Uii, Ix^conjing glabrat*; l<:Sives dark green and shining above, 

 sil\'(.i)- V. JiiVr f/<^ii<rath; those of the et^erile branches 3-5 cm. long, spreading, 2- 

 ranke<i, asually corispicuously emarginate; staminate flowers i>ale yellow; pistil- 

 late; yellowish green; cones cylindric, pul>erulent, 5-10 cm. long; scal^ olxjvate, 

 broa^ler titan long, 3-4 times as long an the bracts. Geand Fik. N'alleys and 

 lower slop'-h : .Mont. — Wyo. — Calif. — B.C. MorU. — Svibrrwnt. 



b. A. concolor Lindl, <k Gord. A tree 25-30 m., rarely 45 m. high, on the 

 Pacific Coa«t much higher; bark on the old trees deeply furrowed and scaly; 

 that of the upix?r part and of young trees sm<x»th and grayish, with re«in-blist«rs; 

 leav«js pale blue or glaucjus; those of the lower branches 5-7 cm. long, straiglit, 

 af-'Ut*; t)r a/ruminate; staminat<i flowers dark rofl to rose-colored; pistillate ones 

 purplish or yellowish green; c<jnes oblong-e%'lin<lric, rounded, 7-12 cm. long, 

 puberulent; »f;ales obovate, broa^ler than long, twice as long a« the bracts; seeds 

 4-5 mm. long. White Fih. Mountain sloi>es; Colo. — X.!M. — L. Calif.— Ore. 

 Moid. 



7. PSEUDOTSUGA Carr. Red Fib, False Specce. 



Mono'.-cioix'i evergreen trees, with spreading branches. Leaves flattened, 

 petioljjiJ, on the lat<iral branch*^ api><:'aring 2-rankefl by the twisting of the i>eti- 

 oles, lea%'ing trarisversely oval, slightly raise<i scars, with 2 resin-ducts close to 

 the epidermis on the lower side. Staininate aments axillary to the leaves of the 

 pr«^:^e<ling sesu^on, cvUndric; anther-«acs 2, obhquely spUtting. Pistillate ament* 

 Bubtenninal, drooping; scales persist^jnt, much shorter tlian the 3-lobed caudate- 

 a<;uiJiinat<,- bracts; chines maturing the first season. Seeds winged. 



1. P. mucronata (Raf.; Sudw, A tree 25-60 m, high, sometimes taller, 

 with a truiik <> 25 dm. tliick; leaves dark yellowish green, 2-3 cm. long, flat, 

 obtuse, short-stalked; staminate flowers orange-red; pistillate ones greenish or 

 purplish, the bracts de<;p purple; cones 5-10 cm. long; scales obovate-roundwi, 

 puberulent, short<ir tlian the bracts, f*. Uxrifolia (Poir.j Britt. P. Dou/jUuii 

 Carr. Kku Fiu, Douglas Sphuce, or Douglas Fib. Hills and mountains: 

 Alta.— w Tex. — Calif. — B.C.; n Mex. Sahr/wrU. — Subalp. 



8. TSUGA (Endl.) Carr. Hemlock. 



Monoecious evergreens with spreading or somewhat reflexed branches. 

 Leaves flattened, with stomata only on the lower side, on the lateral branches, 

 apfKiaring 2-ranked by the twisting of the [Xitioles, articulate to short persistent 

 bases (st<,'rigmata), Staminate aments axillar}' to leaves of the preceding year; 

 pollen-sacs confluent, ojx^ning by a transverse sUt. Pistillate aments sohtary, 

 terminal on branches of the preceding }'ear; bracts membranous, inconspicuous; 

 scales in few series. Con<is aro<jping, maturing the first year; scale at last loose 

 and Bj;rea/Jing, p'Tsistfrnt. Seeds samara^like; wings attached to the seeds. 



1. T. heterophylla (JiaS.) Sarg. A tree 4^>-50 m., rarely 00 m. high, with 

 a trunk 6-2<J dm. thick; leaves flat, rounder! at the af>ex, deeply grooved and 

 dark green alwve, with two broad whit* or glaucous bands beneath, 1-2 cm. 

 long, petioled; staminate flowers yellow; pistillate ones purjjle; cones ovoid, 1.5- 

 2.5 cm. long, j>endulous; scales obovate, strongly striate, persistent. Webteh.v 

 Hemlock, ^ioiBt places: B.C. — w Mont. — Ida. — n Calif. Mont. — Submoat. 



