SEDGE FAMILY 125 



spilces 4-7, ovoid-oblong or linear-oblong, the lower 1-3 separate, with 6-18 

 perigynia; lower bracts usually shorter than the head; scales not reddish brown 

 tinged, mostly cuspidate; perigynia nerved at base on inner face, shallowly bi- 

 dentate. Woods: B.C. — Ida. — -Calif. Submont. — Mont. Je-Au. 



35. C. Bolanderi Olney. Culms slender, erect, 4—9 dm. high, brownish- 

 tinged at the base, little roughened beneath the head; leaf-blades 2.5-5 mm. 

 wide; spikes 4-8, linear-oblong or linear, the lower separate, with 8-20 perigynia; 

 lower bracts usually shorter than the head; scales usually reddish bromi tinged, 

 mostly acute or mucronate; perigynia lanceolate, 4-4.5 mm. long, nerved at 

 base on the inner face. Woods: B.C. — Calif. — N.M. — Utah — w. Mont. Sub- 

 mont. — Mont. 



16. OvALES Kunth. Densely cespitose or (rarely) with short-prolonged 

 rootstocks. Culms triangular. Opaque part of sheaths not red-dotted or cross- 

 rugulose, but sometimes green-striate. Spikes two or three up to twenty, with 

 several to many perigynia, the terminal gynaecandrous, the lateral pistillate or 

 gynaecandrous, simple, the inflorescence varying from capitate to moniliform. 

 Lower bracts from inconspicuous to very conspicuous. Perigynia varying from 

 scale-like or flat (except when distended by the achene) to thick and plano-convex, 

 the body subulate to reniform, narrowly to broadly wing-margined, appressed 

 or ascending or spreading, little corky-thickened at base, prominently beaked, 

 the beak bidentate, or obliquely cut becoming bidenticulate, usually serrulate on 

 margins. Style-base scarcely thickened. Achenes lenticular. Stigmas 2. 



36. C. sychnocephala Carey. Culms 1-6 dm. high, very smooth; leaf- 

 blades 1.5-3 mm. wide; spikes 6-15, densely aggregated into an oblong-ovoid 

 head 1.5-3 cm. long; scales lanceolate, half the length of the perigynia; peri- 

 gynia 5-6 mm. long, nerved on both faces, the beak deeply bidentate. Meadows 

 and thickets: Ont.^N.Y. — la. — Mont. Plains. Jl-Au. 



37. C. athrostachya Olney. Culms 1-5 dm. high, roughened above; leaf- 

 blades 2 mm. wide; spikes 4-20, densely aggregated into an ovoid head 1-2 cm. 

 long; scales lance-ovate, somewhat shorter than the perigynia; perigynia 3-4 mm. 

 long, obsoletely nerved, the beak bidentate, reddish brown at mouth. Wet 

 meadows and copses: Sask. — -Colo. — CaUf. — Alaska. Mont. — Submont. My-S. 



38. C. tenuirostris OLney. Culms 6-9 cm. high, nearly smooth; leaf-blades 

 1.5-2.5 mm. wide; spikes 4-5, densely aggregated, ovoid, 5 mm. long, 3-4 mm. 

 wide; scales ovate, acute, light brownish, with hyaline margins; perigynia 8-13, 

 ascending, 3 mm. long, 1 mm. wide, lanceolate, nerved ventrally, tapering into 

 a beak 1 mm. long. C. maclovinna f. involucrata Kiikenth. Moimtain meadows: 

 Mont.— Colo. — Calif. — Wash. Mont. — Submont. My-Au. 



39. C. adusta Boott. Culms 2.5-7 dm. high, nearly smooth; leaf-blades 

 2-3 mm. wide; spikes 3-15, the lower only slightly separate; scales ovate, straw- 

 colored, with greenish midvein; perigynia broadly ovate, 4-5 mm. long, 2-2.5 

 mm. wide, rather abruptly beaked. C. pinguis Bailey. Dry soil: Newf. — 

 N.Y.— Minn.— Sask.— Mack. Plain. Je-S. 



40. C. petasata Dewey. Culms 3-8 dm. high, nearly smooth; leaf-blades 

 2-3 mm. wide; spikes 3-6, aggregated; scales ovate, reddish brown tinged and 

 hyaline-margined; perigynia broadly lanceolate, 2.25 mm. wide, round-tapering 

 at base, tapering into the beak, which is 2 mm. long. C. Liddonii Boott. Mead- 

 ows and open woods: Sask. — Colo. — Nev. — Wash. Submont. — Mont. Je-S. 



41. C. aenea Fernald. Culms 4—9 dm. high, rough beneath the head; leaf- 

 blades 2.5-4 mm. wide; spikes 3-12, 7-24 mm. long, 5-7 mm. thick; scales ovate, 

 light brownish tinged, hyaline-margined; perigynia ascending, ovate, 4 mm. 

 long, 2 mm. wide, rounded at base, tapering into a beak half the length of the 

 body. " C. /oenea Willd." of our range. Dry places and open woods: Lab. — 

 Conn. — Alta. — B.C. — Yukon. Boreal — Mont~ My-Jl. 



42. C. Crawfordii Fernald. Culms 2-6 dm. high, rough beneath the head; 

 leaf-blades 1-3.25 mm. wide; spikes 3-12, 5-11 mm. long, 3-5 mm. wide, rather 

 closely aggregated, well-defined; scales lance-ovate, acute or acuminate, brown- 

 ish; perigynia erect-ascending, brownish, 4 mm. long, about 1 mm. wide, obscurely 



